mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Sentence Representations via Gaussian Embedding

arXiv 2305.12990 ↗First posted 22 May 2023cs.CLcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent progress in sentence embedding, which represents the meaning of a sentence as a point in a vector space, has achieved high performance on tasks such as a semantic textual similarity (STS) task. However, sentence representations as a point in a vector space can express only a part of the diverse information that sentences have, such as asymmetrical relationships between sentences. This paper proposes GaussCSE, a Gaussian distribution-based contrastive learning framework for sentence embedding that can handle asymmetric relationships between sentences, along with a similarity measure for identifying inclusion relations. Our experiments show that GaussCSE achieves the same performance as previous methods in natural language inference tasks, and is able to estimate the direction of entailment relations, which is difficult with point representations.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2023.

Builds on

18 of 29 references.

References · 18

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  3. 2017A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inferencecited by 2,665
  4. 2021SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddingscited by 2,168
  5. 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,837
  6. 2017Poincar'e Embeddings for Learning Hierarchical Representationscited by 674
  7. 2017Deep Gaussian Embedding of Graphs: Unsupervised Inductive Learning via Rankingcited by 332
  8. 2022SGPT: GPT Sentence Embeddings for Semantic Searchcited by 204
  9. 2022DiffCSE: Difference-based Contrastive Learning for Sentence Embeddingscited by 131
  10. 2014Word Representations via Gaussian Embeddingcited by 96
  11. 2020An Unsupervised Sentence Embedding Method by Mutual Information Maximizationcited by 91
  12. 2022PromptBERT: Improving BERT Sentence Embeddings with Promptscited by 75
6 more
  1. 2020RikiNet: Reading Wikipedia Pages for Natural Question Answeringcited by 21
  2. 2021DefSent: Sentence Embeddings using Definition Sentencescited by 20
  3. 2022SCD: Self-Contrastive Decorrelation for Sentence Embeddingscited by 19
  4. 2021Word2Box: Capturing Set-Theoretic Semantics of Words using Box Embeddingscited by 11
  5. 2021Sentence-aware Contrastive Learning for Open-Domain Passage Retrievalcited by 11
  6. 2022Relational Sentence Embedding for Flexible Semantic Matchingcited by 4

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