AMII: Adaptive Multimodal Inter-personal and Intra-personal Model for Adapted Behavior Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
Socially Interactive Agents (SIAs) are physical or virtual embodied agents that display similar behavior as human multimodal behavior. Modeling SIAs' non-verbal behavior, such as speech and facial gestures, has always been a challenging task, given that a SIA can take the role of a speaker or a listener. A SIA must emit appropriate behavior adapted to its own speech, its previous behaviors (intra-personal), and the User's behaviors (inter-personal) for both roles. We propose AMII, a novel approach to synthesize adaptive facial gestures for SIAs while interacting with Users and acting interchangeably as a speaker or as a listener. AMII is characterized by modality memory encoding schema - where modality corresponds to either speech or facial gestures - and makes use of attention mechanisms to capture the intra-personal and inter-personal relationships. We validate our approach by conducting objective evaluations and comparing it with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 5 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 May 2023.
Builds on
5 of 35 references.
References · 5
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2015Cyclical Learning Rates for Training Neural Networkscited by 627
- 2022Learning to Listen: Modeling Non-Deterministic Dyadic Facial Motioncited by 125
- 2021Text2Gestures: A Transformer-Based Network for Generating Emotive Body Gestures for Virtual Agentscited by 106
- 2020Let's Face It: Probabilistic Multi-modal Interlocutor-aware Generation of Facial Gestures in Dyadic Settingscited by 36
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2023Reversible Graph Neural Network-based Reaction Distribution Learning for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reactions Generationcited by 11
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challengecited by 5
- 2025ReactDiff: Fundamental Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Diffusion Modelcited by 4
- 2024ComFace: Facial Representation Learning with Synthetic Data for Comparing Facescited by 1
- 2026ResDiffFRG: Residual Diffusion for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generationcited by 0
- 2026ResDiffFRG: Residual Diffusion for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation27 Sep 2026
- 2025ReactDiff: Fundamental Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Diffusion Model6 Oct 2025
- 2024ComFace: Facial Representation Learning with Synthetic Data for Comparing Faces25 May 2024
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generation14 Mar 2024
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challenge11 Jun 2023
- 2023Reversible Graph Neural Network-based Reaction Distribution Learning for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reactions Generation24 May 2023