A Language Model of Java Methods with Train/Test Deduplication
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Abstract (arXiv)
This tool demonstration presents a research toolkit for a language model of Java source code. The target audience includes researchers studying problems at the granularity level of subroutines, statements, or variables in Java. In contrast to many existing language models, we prioritize features for researchers including an open and easily-searchable training set, a held out test set with different levels of deduplication from the training set, infrastructure for deduplicating new examples, and an implementation platform suitable for execution on equipment accessible to a relatively modest budget. Our model is a GPT2-like architecture with 350m parameters. Our training set includes 52m Java methods (9b tokens) and 13m StackOverflow threads (10.5b tokens). To improve accessibility of research to more members of the community, we limit local resource requirements to GPUs with 16GB video memory. We provide a test set of held out Java methods that include descriptive comments, including the entire Java projects for those methods. We also provide deduplication tools using precomputed hash tables at various similarity thresholds to help researchers ensure that their own test examples are not in the training set. We make all our tools and data open source and available via Huggingface and Github.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 May 2023.
Builds on
22 of 42 references.
References · 22
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10 more
- 2022Revisiting Parameter-Efficient Tuning: Are We Really There Yet?cited by 76
- 2019Recommendations for Datasets for Source Code Summarizationcited by 46
- 2023Large Language Models and Simple, Stupid Bugscited by 45
- 2020Towards Crowdsourced Training of Large Neural Networks using Decentralized Mixture-of-Expertscited by 43
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- 2023ChatGPT and Software Testing Education: Promises & Perilscited by 40
- 2022What is it like to program with artificial intelligence?cited by 39
- 2021Project-Level Encoding for Neural Source Code Summarization of Subroutinescited by 24
- 2022Noise-Robust De-Duplication at Scalecited by 17
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 0; 2025: 3.
6 papers.
- 2023Unifying the Perspectives of NLP and Software Engineering: A Survey on Language Models for Codecited by 62
- 2023Distilled GPT for Source Code Summarizationcited by 30
- 2023Semantic Similarity Loss for Neural Source Code Summarizationcited by 5
- 2025Evaluating the Effectiveness of LLMs in Fixing Maintainability Issues in Real-World Projectscited by 4
- 2025AI-Mediated Code Comment Improvementcited by 0
- 2025Simple and Effective Baselines for Code Summarisation Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025Simple and Effective Baselines for Code Summarisation Evaluation26 May 2025
- 2025AI-Mediated Code Comment Improvement13 May 2025
- 2025Evaluating the Effectiveness of LLMs in Fixing Maintainability Issues in Real-World Projects4 Feb 2025
- 2023Unifying the Perspectives of NLP and Software Engineering: A Survey on Language Models for Code14 Nov 2023
- 2023Distilled GPT for Source Code Summarization28 Aug 2023
- 2023Semantic Similarity Loss for Neural Source Code Summarization14 Aug 2023