ParaLS: Lexical Substitution via Pretrained Paraphraser
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Abstract (arXiv)
Lexical substitution (LS) aims at finding appropriate substitutes for a target word in a sentence. Recently, LS methods based on pretrained language models have made remarkable progress, generating potential substitutes for a target word through analysis of its contextual surroundings. However, these methods tend to overlook the preservation of the sentence's meaning when generating the substitutes. This study explores how to generate the substitute candidates from a paraphraser, as the generated paraphrases from a paraphraser contain variations in word choice and preserve the sentence's meaning. Since we cannot directly generate the substitutes via commonly used decoding strategies, we propose two simple decoding strategies that focus on the variations of the target word during decoding. Experimental results show that our methods outperform state-of-the-art LS methods based on pre-trained language models on three benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 May 2023.
Builds on
14 of 45 references.
References · 14
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 3.
6 papers.
- 2024An LLM-Enhanced Adversarial Editing System for Lexical Simplificationcited by 5
- 2025Progressive Document-level Text Simplification via Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2024Comparing Feature-based and Context-aware Approaches to PII Generalization Level Predictioncited by 1
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initializationcited by 0
- 2025Lexical Substitution is not Synonym Substitution: On the Importance of Producing Contextually Relevant Word Substitutescited by 0
- 2025Unsupervised Candidate Ranking for Lexical Substitution via Holistic Sentence Semanticscited by 0
- 2025Unsupervised Candidate Ranking for Lexical Substitution via Holistic Sentence Semantics15 Sep 2025
- 2025Lexical Substitution is not Synonym Substitution: On the Importance of Producing Contextually Relevant Word Substitutes6 Feb 2025
- 2025Progressive Document-level Text Simplification via Large Language Models7 Jan 2025
- 2024Comparing Feature-based and Context-aware Approaches to PII Generalization Level Prediction3 Jul 2024
- 2024An LLM-Enhanced Adversarial Editing System for Lexical Simplification22 Feb 2024
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initialization31 May 2023