mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Dreams Are More "Predictable'' Than You Think

arXiv 2305.05054 ↗First posted 8 May 2023cs.CLcited by 0

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

A consistent body of evidence suggests that dream reports significantly vary from other types of textual transcripts with respect to semantic content. Furthermore, it appears to be a widespread belief in the dream/sleep research community that dream reports constitute rather ``unique'' strings of text. This might be a notable issue for the growing amount of approaches using natural language processing (NLP) tools to automatically analyse dream reports, as they largely rely on neural models trained on non-dream corpora scraped from the web. In this work, I will adopt state-of-the-art (SotA) large language models (LLMs), to study if and how dream reports deviate from other human-generated text strings, such as Wikipedia. Results show that, taken as a whole, DreamBank does not deviate from Wikipedia. Moreover, on average, single dream reports are significantly more predictable than Wikipedia articles. Preliminary evidence suggests that word count, gender, and visual impairment can significantly shape how predictable a dream report can appear to the model.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 5 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 May 2023.

Builds on

5 of 41 references.

References · 5

  1. 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,375
  2. 2016Pointer Sentinel Mixture Modelscited by 3,096
  3. 2021Language Model Evaluation Beyond Perplexitycited by 78
  4. 2016Comparative study of LSA vs Word2vec embeddings in small corpora: a case study in dreams databasecited by 7
  5. 2023Automatic Scoring of Dream Reports' Emotional Content with Large Language Modelscited by 3

Built on by

Not cited yet.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025MultiHal: Multilingual Dataset for Knowledge-Graph Grounded Evaluation of LLM Hallucinations
  2. 2025The Curious Case of Factuality Finetuning: Models' Internal Beliefs Can Improve Factuality
  3. 2026Coherence-Oriented Dream Scene Visualisation
  4. 2025Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs
  5. 2025Hallucination to Truth: A Review of Fact-Checking and Factuality Evaluation in Large Language Models
  6. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions
  7. 2026Not All Needles Are Found: How Fact Distribution and Don't Make It Up Prompts Shape Retrieval, Reasoning, and Hallucination in Long-Context LLMs
  8. 2026Do LLMs Make More Mistakes If They Do Not Believe the Input Data?