mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Combining Generators of Adversarial Malware Examples to Increase Evasion Rate

arXiv 2304.07360 ↗First posted 14 Apr 2023cs.CR cs.AIcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Antivirus developers are increasingly embracing machine learning as a key component of malware defense. While machine learning achieves cutting-edge outcomes in many fields, it also has weaknesses that are exploited by several adversarial attack techniques. Many authors have presented both white-box and black-box generators of adversarial malware examples capable of bypassing malware detectors with varying success. We propose to combine contemporary generators in order to increase their potential. Combining different generators can create more sophisticated adversarial examples that are more likely to evade anti-malware tools. We demonstrated this technique on five well-known generators and recorded promising results. The best-performing combination of AMG-random and MAB-Malware generators achieved an average evasion rate of 15.9% against top-tier antivirus products. This represents an average improvement of more than 36% and 627% over using only the AMG-random and MAB-Malware generators, respectively. The generator that benefited the most from having another generator follow its procedure was the FGSM injection attack, which improved the evasion rate on average between 91.97% and 1,304.73%, depending on the second generator used. These results demonstrate that combining different generators can significantly improve their effectiveness against leading antivirus programs.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2023.

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11 of 31 references.

References · 11

  1. 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,287
  2. 2015The Limitations of Deep Learning in Adversarial Settingscited by 784
  3. 2018EMBER: An Open Dataset for Training Static PE Malware Machine Learning Modelscited by 164
  4. 2017Malware Detection by Eating a Whole EXEcited by 114
  5. 2017Generating Adversarial Malware Examples for Black-Box Attacks Based on GANcited by 74
  6. 2018Learning to Evade Static PE Machine Learning Malware Models via Reinforcement Learningcited by 60
  7. 2018Adversarial Malware Binaries: Evading Deep Learning for Malware Detection in Executablescited by 60
  8. 2020Functionality-preserving Black-box Optimization of Adversarial Windows Malwarecited by 58
  9. 2019Explaining Vulnerabilities of Deep Learning to Adversarial Malware Binariescited by 30
  10. 2018Deceiving End-to-End Deep Learning Malware Detectors using Adversarial Examplescited by 19
  11. 2020Binary Black-box Evasion Attacks Against Deep Learning-based Static Malware Detectors with Adversarial Byte-Level Language Modelcited by 10

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

2 papers.