Interpretable Multi Labeled Bengali Toxic Comments Classification using Deep Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents a deep learning-based pipeline for categorizing Bengali toxic comments, in which at first a binary classification model is used to determine whether a comment is toxic or not, and then a multi-label classifier is employed to determine which toxicity type the comment belongs to. For this purpose, we have prepared a manually labeled dataset consisting of 16,073 instances among which 8,488 are Toxic and any toxic comment may correspond to one or more of the six toxic categories - vulgar, hate, religious, threat, troll, and insult simultaneously. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) with BERT Embedding achieved 89.42% accuracy for the binary classification task while as a multi-label classifier, a combination of Convolutional Neural Network and Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) with attention mechanism achieved 78.92% accuracy and 0.86 as weighted F1-score. To explain the predictions and interpret the word feature importance during classification by the proposed models, we utilized Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) framework. We have made our dataset public and can be accessed at - https://github.com/deepu099cse/Multi-Labeled-Bengali-Toxic-Comments-Classification
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 4 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2023.
Builds on
4 of 17 references.
References · 4
- 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,070
- 2020Classification Benchmarks for Under-resourced Bengali Language based on Multichannel Convolutional-LSTM Networkcited by 30
- 2022Bangla hate speech detection on social media using attention-based recurrent neural networkcited by 9
- 2021Cyberbullying Detection Using Deep Neural Network from Social Media Comments in Bangla Languagecited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
6 papers.
- 2025BIDWESH: A Bangla Regional Based Hate Speech Detection Datasetcited by 3
- 2024A Survey on Automatic Online Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
- 2024Assessing the Level of Toxicity Against Distinct Groups in Bangla Social Media Comments: A Comprehensive Investigationcited by 1
- 2024Detecting Racist Text in Bengali: An Ensemble Deep Learning Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026BengaliSent140: A Large-Scale Bengali Binary Sentiment Dataset for Hate and Non-Hate Speech Classificationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Benchmarks: Exposing the Hidden Crisis in Bangla Hate Speech Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Beyond Benchmarks: Exposing the Hidden Crisis in Bangla Hate Speech Detection13 Jul 2026
- 2026BengaliSent140: A Large-Scale Bengali Binary Sentiment Dataset for Hate and Non-Hate Speech Classification27 Jan 2026
- 2025BIDWESH: A Bangla Regional Based Hate Speech Detection Dataset22 Jul 2025
- 2024A Survey on Automatic Online Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages28 Nov 2024
- 2024Assessing the Level of Toxicity Against Distinct Groups in Bangla Social Media Comments: A Comprehensive Investigation25 Sep 2024
- 2024Detecting Racist Text in Bengali: An Ensemble Deep Learning Framework30 Jan 2024