Deep learning-based lung segmentation and automatic regional template in chest X-ray images for pediatric tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is still considered a leading cause of death and a substantial threat to global child health. Both TB infection and disease are curable using antibiotics. However, most children who die of TB are never diagnosed or treated. In clinical practice, experienced physicians assess TB by examining chest X-rays (CXR). Pediatric CXR has specific challenges compared to adult CXR, which makes TB diagnosis in children more difficult. Computer-aided diagnosis systems supported by Artificial Intelligence have shown performance comparable to experienced radiologist TB readings, which could ease mass TB screening and reduce clinical burden. We propose a multi-view deep learning-based solution which, by following a proposed template, aims to automatically regionalize and extract lung and mediastinal regions of interest from pediatric CXR images where key TB findings may be present. Experimental results have shown accurate region extraction, which can be used for further analysis to confirm TB finding presence and severity assessment. Code publicly available at https://github.com/dani-capellan/pTB_LungRegionExtractor.