Massive MIMO in 5G: How Beamforming, Codebooks, and Feedback Enable Larger Arrays
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Abstract (arXiv)
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an important technology in fifth generation (5G) cellular networks and beyond. To help design the beamforming at the base station, 5G has introduced new support in the form of flexible feedback and configurable antenna array geometries. In this article, we present an overview of MIMO throughout the mobile standards, highlight the new beam-based feedback system in 5G NR, and describe how this feedback system enables massive MIMO through beam management. Finally, we conclude with challenges related to massive MIMO in 5G.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2023.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2024LinFormer: A Linear-based Lightweight Transformer Architecture For Time-Aware MIMO Channel Predictioncited by 6
- 2023Hierarchical ML Codebook Design for Extreme MIMO Beam Managementcited by 1
- 2024Neural Codebook Design for Network Beam Managementcited by 1
- 2026Heterogeneity-agnostic AI/ML-assisted beam selection for multi-panel arrayscited by 0
- 2026Semantic CSI Feedback for Beam Selection: When Task-Aware Embeddings from Sparse Pilots Outperform Full-Bandwidth Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Semantic CSI Feedback for Beam Selection: When Task-Aware Embeddings from Sparse Pilots Outperform Full-Bandwidth Reconstruction16 Sep 2026
- 2026Heterogeneity-agnostic AI/ML-assisted beam selection for multi-panel arrays21 Feb 2026
- 2024LinFormer: A Linear-based Lightweight Transformer Architecture For Time-Aware MIMO Channel Prediction28 Oct 2024
- 2024Neural Codebook Design for Network Beam Management5 Mar 2024
- 2023Hierarchical ML Codebook Design for Extreme MIMO Beam Management24 Nov 2023