Efficient Mirror Detection via Multi-level Heterogeneous Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present HetNet (Multi-level Heterogeneous Network), a highly efficient mirror detection network. Current mirror detection methods focus more on performance than efficiency, limiting the real-time applications (such as drones). Their lack of efficiency is aroused by the common design of adopting homogeneous modules at different levels, which ignores the difference between different levels of features. In contrast, HetNet detects potential mirror regions initially through low-level understandings (textite.g., intensity contrasts) and then combines with high-level understandings (contextual discontinuity for instance) to finalize the predictions. To perform accurate yet efficient mirror detection, HetNet follows an effective architecture that obtains specific information at different stages to detect mirrors. We further propose a multi-orientation intensity-based contrasted module (MIC) and a reflection semantic logical module (RSL), equipped on HetNet, to predict potential mirror regions by low-level understandings and analyze semantic logic in scenarios by high-level understandings, respectively. Compared to the state-of-the-art method, HetNet runs 664% faster and draws an average performance gain of 8.9% on MAE, 3.1% on IoU, and 2.0% on F-measure on two mirror detection benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2022.
Builds on
15 of 36 references.
References · 15
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- 2020Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformerscited by 1,369
- 2017Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 341
- 2021Coordinate Attention for Efficient Mobile Network Designcited by 241
- 2019EGNet:Edge Guidance Network for Salient Object Detectioncited by 237
- 2019Cascaded Partial Decoder for Fast and Accurate Salient Object Detectioncited by 216
- 2020Multi-scale Interactive Network for Salient Object Detectioncited by 212
- 2021Visual Saliency Transformercited by 175
- 2020Label Decoupling Framework for Salient Object Detectioncited by 111
- 2020Global Context-Aware Progressive Aggregation Network for Salient Object Detectioncited by 109
- 2020Learning Delicate Local Representations for Multi-Person Pose Estimationcited by 65
3 more
- 2017Direction-aware Spatial Context Features for Shadow Detectioncited by 56
- 2021Blind Image Decompositioncited by 18
- 2022Symmetry-Aware Transformer-based Mirror Detectioncited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 9; 2026: 1.
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- 2024SAM2-UNet: Segment Anything 2 Makes Strong Encoder for Natural and Medical Image Segmentationcited by 64
- 2025SegDINO: An Efficient Design for Medical and Natural Image Segmentation with DINO-V3cited by 20
- 2025Deep Learning in Concealed Dense Predictioncited by 6
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025SAM3-UNet: Simplified Adaptation of Segment Anything Model 3cited by 4
- 20243DRef: 3D Dataset and Benchmark for Reflection Detection in RGB and Lidar Datacited by 3
- 2025A Racing Dataset and Baseline Model for Track Detection in Autonomous Racingcited by 1
- 2024Fusion of Short-term and Long-term Attention for Video Mirror Detectioncited by 0
- 2025LSP-ST: Ladder Shape-Biased Side-Tuning for Robust Infrared Small Target Detectioncited by 0
- 2025MirrorSAM2: Segment Mirror in Videos with Depth Perceptioncited by 0
- 2025MirrorMamba: Towards Scalable and Robust Mirror Detection in Videoscited by 0
- 2025Power of Boundary and Reflection: Semantic Transparent Object Segmentation using Pyramid Vision Transformer with Transparent Cuescited by 0
1 more
- 2026MVMD: A Multi-View Approach for Enhanced Mirror Detection2 Aug 2026
- 2025Power of Boundary and Reflection: Semantic Transparent Object Segmentation using Pyramid Vision Transformer with Transparent Cues7 Dec 2025
- 2025SAM3-UNet: Simplified Adaptation of Segment Anything Model 31 Dec 2025
- 2025MirrorMamba: Towards Scalable and Robust Mirror Detection in Videos10 Nov 2025
- 2025MirrorSAM2: Segment Mirror in Videos with Depth Perception21 Sep 2025
- 2025SegDINO: An Efficient Design for Medical and Natural Image Segmentation with DINO-V331 Aug 2025
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignment1 Jul 2025
- 2025LSP-ST: Ladder Shape-Biased Side-Tuning for Robust Infrared Small Target Detection20 Apr 2025
- 2025Deep Learning in Concealed Dense Prediction15 Apr 2025
- 2025A Racing Dataset and Baseline Model for Track Detection in Autonomous Racing19 Feb 2025
- 2024SAM2-UNet: Segment Anything 2 Makes Strong Encoder for Natural and Medical Image Segmentation16 Aug 2024
- 2024Fusion of Short-term and Long-term Attention for Video Mirror Detection10 Jul 2024
1 more
- 2024SAM2-UNet: Segment Anything 2 Makes Strong Encoder for Natural and Medical Image Segmentationcited by 64
- 2025SegDINO: An Efficient Design for Medical and Natural Image Segmentation with DINO-V3cited by 20
- 2025Deep Learning in Concealed Dense Predictioncited by 6
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025SAM3-UNet: Simplified Adaptation of Segment Anything Model 3cited by 4
- 20243DRef: 3D Dataset and Benchmark for Reflection Detection in RGB and Lidar Datacited by 3
- 2025A Racing Dataset and Baseline Model for Track Detection in Autonomous Racingcited by 1
- 2024Fusion of Short-term and Long-term Attention for Video Mirror Detectioncited by 0
- 2025LSP-ST: Ladder Shape-Biased Side-Tuning for Robust Infrared Small Target Detectioncited by 0
- 2025MirrorSAM2: Segment Mirror in Videos with Depth Perceptioncited by 0
- 2025Power of Boundary and Reflection: Semantic Transparent Object Segmentation using Pyramid Vision Transformer with Transparent Cuescited by 0
- 2026MVMD: A Multi-View Approach for Enhanced Mirror Detectioncited by 0
- 2026MVMD: A Multi-View Approach for Enhanced Mirror Detection2 Aug 2026
- 2025Power of Boundary and Reflection: Semantic Transparent Object Segmentation using Pyramid Vision Transformer with Transparent Cues7 Dec 2025
- 2025SAM3-UNet: Simplified Adaptation of Segment Anything Model 31 Dec 2025
- 2025MirrorSAM2: Segment Mirror in Videos with Depth Perception21 Sep 2025
- 2025SegDINO: An Efficient Design for Medical and Natural Image Segmentation with DINO-V331 Aug 2025
- 2025LoD-Loc v2: Aerial Visual Localization over Low Level-of-Detail City Models using Explicit Silhouette Alignment1 Jul 2025
- 2025LSP-ST: Ladder Shape-Biased Side-Tuning for Robust Infrared Small Target Detection20 Apr 2025
- 2025Deep Learning in Concealed Dense Prediction15 Apr 2025
- 2025A Racing Dataset and Baseline Model for Track Detection in Autonomous Racing19 Feb 2025
- 2024SAM2-UNet: Segment Anything 2 Makes Strong Encoder for Natural and Medical Image Segmentation16 Aug 2024
- 2024Fusion of Short-term and Long-term Attention for Video Mirror Detection10 Jul 2024
- 20243DRef: 3D Dataset and Benchmark for Reflection Detection in RGB and Lidar Data11 Mar 2024