An Ensemble-based approach for assigning text to correct Harmonized system code
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Abstract (arXiv)
Industries must follow government rules and regulations around the world to classify products when assessing duties and taxes for international shipment. Harmonized System (HS) is the most standardized numerical method of classifying traded products among industry classification systems. A hierarchical ensemble model comprising of Bert-transformer, NER, distance-based approaches, and knowledge-graphs have been developed to address scalability, coverage, ability to capture nuances, automation and auditing requirements when classifying unknown text-descriptions as per HS method.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 1 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Nov 2022.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.