eXplainable AI for Quantum Machine Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) enable a novel method for machine learning (ML). However, from a computational point of view they present a challenge to existing eXplainable AI (xAI) methods. On the one hand, measurements on quantum circuits introduce probabilistic errors which impact the convergence of these methods. On the other hand, the phase space of a quantum circuit expands exponentially with the number of qubits, complicating efforts to execute xAI methods in polynomial time. In this paper we will discuss the performance of established xAI methods, such as Baseline SHAP and Integrated Gradients. Using the internal mechanics of PQCs we study ways to speed up their computation.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2022.
Builds on
8 of 18 references.
References · 8
- 2017A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictionscited by 6,488
- 2017Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networkscited by 3,350
- 2018Barren plateaus in quantum neural network training landscapescited by 624
- 2020The power of quantum neural networkscited by 377
- 2019Parameterized quantum circuits as machine learning modelscited by 330
- 2020The effect of data encoding on the expressive power of variational quantum machine learning modelscited by 328
- 2021Quantum advantage in learning from experimentscited by 186
- 2019Stochastic gradient descent for hybrid quantum-classical optimizationcited by 59
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 4.
8 papers.
- 2023Quantum Machine Learning on Near-Term Quantum Devices: Current State of Supervised and Unsupervised Techniques for Real-World Applicationscited by 14
- 2025Interpretable Machine Learning in Physics: A Reviewcited by 11
- 2024Opportunities and limitations of explaining quantum machine learningcited by 6
- 2024Feature Importance and Explainability in Quantum Machine Learningcited by 4
- 2024Quantum Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Surveycited by 3
- 2025QuXAI: Explainers for Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Modelscited by 2
- 2025Component Based Quantum Machine Learning Explainabilitycited by 0
- 2025QGraphLIME - Explaining Quantum Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025QGraphLIME - Explaining Quantum Graph Neural Networks7 Oct 2025
- 2025Component Based Quantum Machine Learning Explainability14 Jun 2025
- 2025QuXAI: Explainers for Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Models15 May 2025
- 2025Interpretable Machine Learning in Physics: A Review30 Mar 2025
- 2024Opportunities and limitations of explaining quantum machine learning19 Dec 2024
- 2024Quantum Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Survey20 Aug 2024
- 2024Feature Importance and Explainability in Quantum Machine Learning14 May 2024
- 2023Quantum Machine Learning on Near-Term Quantum Devices: Current State of Supervised and Unsupervised Techniques for Real-World Applications3 Jul 2023