mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Questioning the Validity of Summarization Datasets and Improving Their Factual Consistency

arXiv 2210.17378 ↗First posted 31 Oct 2022cs.CLcited by 9

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Abstract (arXiv)

The topic of summarization evaluation has recently attracted a surge of attention due to the rapid development of abstractive summarization systems. However, the formulation of the task is rather ambiguous, neither the linguistic nor the natural language processing community has succeeded in giving a mutually agreed-upon definition. Due to this lack of well-defined formulation, a large number of popular abstractive summarization datasets are constructed in a manner that neither guarantees validity nor meets one of the most essential criteria of summarization: factual consistency. In this paper, we address this issue by combining state-of-the-art factual consistency models to identify the problematic instances present in popular summarization datasets. We release SummFC, a filtered summarization dataset with improved factual consistency, and demonstrate that models trained on this dataset achieve improved performance in nearly all quality aspects. We argue that our dataset should become a valid benchmark for developing and evaluating summarization systems.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Oct 2022.

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24 of 32 references.

References · 24

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  11. 2020Asking and Answering Questions to Evaluate the Factual Consistency of Summariescited by 378
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12 more
  1. 2020FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 293
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  3. 2021The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metricscited by 239
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

9 papers.

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  1. 2023Evaluating Factual Consistency of Summaries with Large Language Models
  2. 2022On Improving Summarization Factual Consistency from Natural Language Feedback
  3. 2026Optimising Factual Consistency in Summarisation via Preference Learning from Multiple Imperfect Metrics
  4. 2024Abstractive Text Summarization: State of the Art, Challenges, and Improvements
  5. 2024Factual Dialogue Summarization via Learning from Large Language Models
  6. 2023Large Language Models are Not Yet Human-Level Evaluators for Abstractive Summarization
  7. 2025Understanding LLM Reasoning for Abstractive Summarization
  8. 2025Agent-as-Judge for Factual Summarization of Long Narratives