Robots-Dont-Cry: Understanding Falsely Anthropomorphic Utterances in Dialog Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
Dialog systems are often designed or trained to output human-like responses. However, some responses may be impossible for a machine to truthfully say (e.g. "that movie made me cry"). Highly anthropomorphic responses might make users uncomfortable or implicitly deceive them into thinking they are interacting with a human. We collect human ratings on the feasibility of approximately 900 two-turn dialogs sampled from 9 diverse data sources. Ratings are for two hypothetical machine embodiments: a futuristic humanoid robot and a digital assistant. We find that for some data-sources commonly used to train dialog systems, 20-30% of utterances are not viewed as possible for a machine. Rating is marginally affected by machine embodiment. We explore qualitative and quantitative reasons for these ratings. Finally, we build classifiers and explore how modeling configuration might affect output permissibly, and discuss implications for building less falsely anthropomorphic dialog systems.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2022.
Builds on
26 of 58 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
8 papers.
- 2023FANToM: A Benchmark for Stress-testing Machine Theory of Mind in Interactionscited by 162
- 2023Mirages: On Anthropomorphism in Dialogue Systemscited by 30
- 2024AnthroScore: A Computational Linguistic Measure of Anthropomorphismcited by 27
- 2025A Taxonomy of Linguistic Expressions That Contribute To Anthropomorphism of Language Technologiescited by 14
- 2023A Benchmark for Understanding Dialogue Safety in Mental Health Supportcited by 13
- 2023The Iron(ic) Melting Pot: Reviewing Human Evaluation in Humour, Irony and Sarcasm Generationcited by 11
- 2025Dehumanizing Machines: Mitigating Anthropomorphic Behaviors in Text Generation Systemscited by 11
- 2024From Pixels to Personas: Investigating and Modeling Self-Anthropomorphism in Human-Robot Dialoguescited by 3
- 2025Dehumanizing Machines: Mitigating Anthropomorphic Behaviors in Text Generation Systems19 Feb 2025
- 2025A Taxonomy of Linguistic Expressions That Contribute To Anthropomorphism of Language Technologies14 Feb 2025
- 2024From Pixels to Personas: Investigating and Modeling Self-Anthropomorphism in Human-Robot Dialogues4 Oct 2024
- 2024AnthroScore: A Computational Linguistic Measure of Anthropomorphism3 Feb 2024
- 2023The Iron(ic) Melting Pot: Reviewing Human Evaluation in Humour, Irony and Sarcasm Generation9 Nov 2023
- 2023FANToM: A Benchmark for Stress-testing Machine Theory of Mind in Interactions24 Oct 2023
- 2023A Benchmark for Understanding Dialogue Safety in Mental Health Support31 Jul 2023
- 2023Mirages: On Anthropomorphism in Dialogue Systems16 May 2023