Improved Normalizing Flow-Based Speech Enhancement using an All-pole Gammatone Filterbank for Conditional Input Representation
On the map: Speech and audio language models → Speech enhancement and noise suppression
Abstract (arXiv)
Deep generative models for Speech Enhancement (SE) received increasing attention in recent years. The most prominent example are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), while normalizing flows (NF) received less attention despite their potential. Building on previous work, architectural modifications are proposed, along with an investigation of different conditional input representations. Despite being a common choice in related works, Mel-spectrograms demonstrate to be inadequate for the given scenario. Alternatively, a novel All-Pole Gammatone filterbank (APG) with high temporal resolution is proposed. Although computational evaluation metric results would suggest that state-of-the-art GAN-based methods perform best, a perceptual evaluation via a listening test indicates that the presented NF approach (based on time domain and APG) performs best, especially at lower SNRs. On average, APG outputs are rated as having good quality, which is unmatched by the other methods, including GAN.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 19 Oct 2026). Placed in Speech enhancement and noise suppression, one of 11 directions in Speech and audio language models. Builds on 24 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2022.
Builds on
24 of 41 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2022Conditional Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Speech Enhancement10 Feb
- 2021A Conformer-based ASR Frontend for Joint Acoustic Echo Cancellation, Speech Enhancement and Speech Separation18 Nov
- 2021DF-Conformer: Integrated architecture of Conv-TasNet and Conformer using linear complexity self-attention for speech enhancement30 Jun
- 2021A Flow-Based Neural Network for Time Domain Speech Enhancement16 Jun
- 2021MetricGAN+: An Improved Version of MetricGAN for Speech Enhancement8 Apr
Other references · 19
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,939
- 2016Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutionscited by 2,349
- 2016Density estimation using Real NVPcited by 2,092
- 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,880
- 2018Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutionscited by 1,567
- 2019Normalizing Flows for Probabilistic Modeling and Inferencecited by 1,338
- 2018Conv-TasNet: Surpassing Ideal Time-Frequency Magnitude Masking for Speech Separationcited by 596
- 2021SpeechBrain: A General-Purpose Speech Toolkitcited by 532
- 2018WaveGlow: A Flow-based Generative Network for Speech Synthesiscited by 365
- 2017Supervised Speech Separation Based on Deep Learning: An Overviewcited by 342
- 2018Analyzing Inverse Problems with Invertible Neural Networkscited by 244
- 2016Unrolled Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 212
7 more
- 2020Far-Field Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 50
- 2019A Recurrent Variational Autoencoder for Speech Enhancementcited by 46
- 2020StyleMelGAN: An Efficient High-Fidelity Adversarial Vocoder with Temporal Adaptive Normalizationcited by 41
- 2020ESPnet-se: end-to-end speech enhancement and separation toolkit designed for asr integrationcited by 39
- 2021Objective Measures of Perceptual Audio Quality Reviewed: An Evaluation of Their Application Domain Dependencecited by 21
- 2020Dual Application of Speech Enhancement for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 18
- 2021A Hands-on Comparison of DNNs for Dialog Separation Using Transfer Learning from Music Source Separationcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
3 papers.
- 2023SEFGAN: Harvesting the Power of Normalizing Flows and GANs for Efficient High-Quality Speech Enhancementcited by 3
- 2024What do neural networks listen to? Exploring the crucial bands in Speech Enhancement using Sinc-convolutioncited by 1
- 2025Adapting Speech Language Model to Singing Voice Synthesiscited by 0
- 2025Adapting Speech Language Model to Singing Voice Synthesis16 Dec 2025
- 2024What do neural networks listen to? Exploring the crucial bands in Speech Enhancement using Sinc-convolution4 Mar 2024
- 2023SEFGAN: Harvesting the Power of Normalizing Flows and GANs for Efficient High-Quality Speech Enhancement4 Dec 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024FINALLY: fast and universal speech enhancement with studio-like quality
- 2025Leveraging Discriminative Latent Representations for Conditioning GAN-Based Speech Enhancement
- 2023Single channel speech enhancement by colored spectrograms
- 2025EffiFusion-GAN: Efficient Fusion Generative Adversarial Network for Speech Enhancement
- 2025DeepFilterGAN: A Full-band Real-time Speech Enhancement System with GAN-based Stochastic Regeneration
- 2024GAN-Based Speech Enhancement for Low SNR Using Latent Feature Conditioning
- 2022CMGAN: Conformer-Based Metric-GAN for Monaural Speech Enhancement
- 2021Towards Robust Real-time Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement