mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

VIPHY: Probing "Visible" Physical Commonsense Knowledge

arXiv 2209.07000 ↗First posted 15 Sep 2022cs.CLcited by 4

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance on visual reasoning tasks (e.g. attributes, location). While such tasks measure the requisite knowledge to ground and reason over a given visual instance, they do not, however, measure the ability of VLMs to retain and generalize such knowledge. In this work, we evaluate their ability to acquire "visible" physical knowledge -- the information that is easily accessible from images of static scenes, particularly across the dimensions of object color, size and space. We build an automatic pipeline to derive a comprehensive knowledge resource for calibrating and probing these models. Our results indicate a severe gap between model and human performance across all three tasks. Furthermore, our caption pretrained baseline (CapBERT) significantly outperforms VLMs on both size and spatial tasks -- highlighting that despite sufficient access to ground language with visual modality, they struggle to retain such knowledge. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/Axe--/ViPhy .

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 48 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Sep 2022.

Builds on

48 of 67 references.

References · 48

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  4. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  5. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  6. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  7. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  8. 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
  9. 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,646
  10. 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,489
  11. 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,219
  12. 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,157
36 more
  1. 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,922
  2. 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
  3. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
  4. 2019SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systemscited by 1,718
  5. 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,447
  6. 2019VisualBERT: A Simple and Performant Baseline for Vision and Languagecited by 1,291
  7. 2021ViLT: Vision-and-Language Transformer Without Convolution or Region Supervisioncited by 1,224
  8. 2020Oscar: Object-Semantics Aligned Pre-training for Vision-Language Taskscited by 1,213
  9. 2016ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledgecited by 1,065
  10. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
  11. 2019How Can We Know What Language Models Know?cited by 953
  12. 2022OFA: Unifying Architectures, Tasks, and Modalities Through a Simple Sequence-to-Sequence Learning Frameworkcited by 742
  13. 2020How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model?cited by 713
  14. 2021FLAVA: A Foundational Language And Vision Alignment Modelcited by 646
  15. 2018Exploring the Limits of Weakly Supervised Pretrainingcited by 604
  16. 2018From Recognition to Cognition: Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 553
  17. 2018The Open Images Dataset V4: Unified image classification, object detection, and visual relationship detection at scalecited by 542
  18. 2019Object Detection in 20 Years: A Surveycited by 528
  19. 2020UnifiedQA: Crossing Format Boundaries With a Single QA Systemcited by 475
  20. 2022Simple Open-Vocabulary Object Detection with Vision Transformerscited by 303
  21. 2020Experience Grounds Languagecited by 241
  22. 2022Unified Contrastive Learning in Image-Text-Label Spacecited by 194
  23. 2019oLMpics -- On what Language Model Pre-training Capturescited by 161
  24. 2017No Classification without Representation: Assessing Geodiversity Issues in Open Data Sets for the Developing Worldcited by 152
  25. 2021A Survey on Bias in Visual Datasetscited by 84
  26. 2019Do Neural Language Representations Learn Physical Commonsense?cited by 62
  27. 2021Broaden the Vision: Geo-Diverse Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 59
  28. 2022Things not Written in Text: Exploring Spatial Commonsense from Visual Signalscited by 41
  29. 2021COM2SENSE: A Commonsense Reasoning Benchmark with Complementary Sentencescited by 40
  30. 2022Visual Commonsense in Pretrained Unimodal and Multimodal Modelscited by 39
  31. 2021Analyzing Commonsense Emergence in Few-shot Knowledge Modelscited by 34
  32. 2021The World of an Octopus: How Reporting Bias Influences a Language Model's Perception of Colorcited by 32
  33. 2022GeoMLAMA: Geo-Diverse Commonsense Probing on Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 30
  34. 2017Verb Physics: Relative Physical Knowledge of Actions and Objectscited by 26
  35. 2022There is a Time and Place for Reasoning Beyond the Imagecited by 22
  36. 2021PaCo: Preconditions Attributed to Commonsense Knowledgecited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025VisRes Bench: On Evaluating the Visual Reasoning Capabilities of VLMs
  2. 2023ViCor: Bridging Visual Understanding and Commonsense Reasoning with Large Language Models
  3. 2025Vision language models are unreliable at trivial spatial cognition
  4. 2026The Last Visible Pixel: Probing Fine-Scale Perception in Vision-Language Models
  5. 2026Investigating Relational Reasoning in VLMs
  6. 2026Do Vision-Language Models Truly Perform Vision Reasoning? A Rigorous Study of the Modality Gap
  7. 2025A Study of Commonsense Reasoning over Visual Object Properties
  8. 2024UniBench: Visual Reasoning Requires Rethinking Vision-Language Beyond Scaling