AFNet-M: Adaptive Fusion Network with Masks for 2D+3D Facial Expression Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
2D+3D facial expression recognition (FER) can effectively cope with illumination changes and pose variations by simultaneously merging 2D texture and more robust 3D depth information. Most deep learning-based approaches employ the simple fusion strategy that concatenates the multimodal features directly after fully-connected layers, without considering the different degrees of significance for each modality. Meanwhile, how to focus on both 2D and 3D local features in salient regions is still a great challenge. In this letter, we propose the adaptive fusion network with masks (AFNet-M) for 2D+3D FER. To enhance 2D and 3D local features, we take the masks annotating salient regions of the face as prior knowledge and design the mask attention module (MA) which can automatically learn two modulation vectors to adjust the feature maps. Moreover, we introduce a novel fusion strategy that can perform adaptive fusion at convolutional layers through the designed importance weights computing module (IWC). Experimental results demonstrate that our AFNet-M achieves the state-of-the-art performance on BU-3DFE and Bosphorus datasets and requires fewer parameters in comparison with other models.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2022.
Builds on
11 of 37 references.
References · 11
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- 2021Attention Bottlenecks for Multimodal Fusioncited by 361
- 2018Deep Facial Expression Recognition: A Surveycited by 270
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- 2019ACNet: Attention Based Network to Exploit Complementary Features for RGBD Semantic Segmentationcited by 107
- 2017Learning from Millions of 3D Scans for Large-scale 3D Face Recognitioncited by 22
- 2015A Real Time Facial Expression Classification System Using Local Binary Patternscited by 7
- 2018Accurate Facial Parts Localization and Deep Learning for 3D Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 7
- 2019Expression Analysis Based on Face Regions in Read-world Conditionscited by 7
- 20202D+3D Facial Expression Recognition via Discriminative Dynamic Range Enhancement and Multi-Scale Learningcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
3 papers.
- 2025Contrastive Language-Image Learning with Augmented Textual Prompts for 3D/4D FER Using Vision-Language Modelcited by 1
- 2025DAP-MAE: Domain-Adaptive Point Cloud Masked Autoencoder for Effective Cross-Domain Learningcited by 1
- 2024DrFER: Learning Disentangled Representations for 3D Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025DAP-MAE: Domain-Adaptive Point Cloud Masked Autoencoder for Effective Cross-Domain Learning24 Oct 2025
- 2025Contrastive Language-Image Learning with Augmented Textual Prompts for 3D/4D FER Using Vision-Language Model28 Apr 2025
- 2024DrFER: Learning Disentangled Representations for 3D Facial Expression Recognition13 Mar 2024