Vector Representations of Idioms in Conversational Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
We demonstrate, in this study, that an open-domain conversational system trained on idioms or figurative language generates more fitting responses to prompts containing idioms. Idioms are part of everyday speech in many languages, across many cultures, but they pose a great challenge for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems that involve tasks such as Information Retrieval (IR) and Machine Translation (MT), besides conversational AI. We utilize the Potential Idiomatic Expression (PIE)-English idioms corpus for the two tasks that we investigate: classification and conversation generation. We achieve state-of-the-art (SoTA) result of 98% macro F1 score on the classification task by using the SoTA T5 model. We experiment with three instances of the SoTA dialogue model, Dialogue Generative Pre-trained Transformer (DialoGPT), for conversation generation. Their performances are evaluated using the automatic metric perplexity and human evaluation. The results show that the model trained on the idiom corpus generates more fitting responses to prompts containing idioms 71.9% of the time, compared to a similar model not trained on the idioms corpus. We contribute the model checkpoint/demo and code on the HuggingFace hub for public access.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 May 2022.
Builds on
20 of 50 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2024Enhancing Idiomatic Representation in Multiple Languages via an Adaptive Contrastive Triplet Losscited by 7
- 2022T5 for Hate Speech, Augmented Data and Ensemblecited by 5
- 2026When Meaning Isn't Literal: Exploring Idiomatic Meaning Across Languages and Modalitiescited by 4
- 2024Investigating Idiomaticity in Word Representationscited by 1
- 2026When Meaning Isn't Literal: Exploring Idiomatic Meaning Across Languages and Modalities12 Apr 2026
- 2024Investigating Idiomaticity in Word Representations4 Nov 2024
- 2024Enhancing Idiomatic Representation in Multiple Languages via an Adaptive Contrastive Triplet Loss21 Jun 2024
- 2022T5 for Hate Speech, Augmented Data and Ensemble11 Oct 2022