Fast and Scalable Human Pose Estimation using mmWave Point Cloud
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Abstract (arXiv)
Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) radar can enable high-resolution human pose estimation with low cost and computational requirements. However, mmWave data point cloud, the primary input to processing algorithms, is highly sparse and carries significantly less information than other alternatives such as video frames. Furthermore, the scarce labeled mmWave data impedes the development of machine learning (ML) models that can generalize to unseen scenarios. We propose a fast and scalable human pose estimation (FUSE) framework that combines multi-frame representation and meta-learning to address these challenges. Experimental evaluations show that FUSE adapts to the unseen scenarios 4× faster than current supervised learning approaches and estimates human joint coordinates with about 7 cm mean absolute error.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2022.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 9.
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- 2023MM-Fi: Multi-Modal Non-Intrusive 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Wireless Sensingcited by 79
- 2022mRI: Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation Dataset using mmWave, RGB-D, and Inertial Sensorscited by 38
- 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Visioncited by 22
- 2024X-Fi: A Modality-Invariant Foundation Model for Multimodal Human Sensingcited by 13
- 2025Towards Balanced Multi-Modal Learning in 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 12
- 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overviewcited by 4
- 2025mmPred: Radar-based Human Motion Prediction in the Darkcited by 3
- 2025GenHPE: Generative Counterfactuals for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Radio Frequency Signalscited by 1
- 2025HoloLLM: Multisensory Foundation Model for Language-Grounded Human Sensing and Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025mmJoints: Expanding Joint Representations Beyond (x,y,z) in mmWave-Based 3D Pose Estimationcited by 1
- 2026Expanding mmWave Datasets for Human Pose Estimation with Unlabeled Data and LiDAR Datasetscited by 1
8 more
- 2026Wave2Body: Rethinking mmWave Human Pose Estimation as Radar-to-Body Token Translationcited by 1
- 2026PCFEx: Point Cloud Feature Extraction for Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026mmGAT: Pose Estimation by Graph Attention with Mutual Features from mmWave Radar Point Cloudcited by 0
- 2026Privacy-Preserving Industrial Ergonomics: mmWave-Based Automated REBA Scoring and Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026RePos: Relative-to-Absolute Pose Factorization for Cross-Environment WiFi-Based 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Learning Biomechanically Plausible Human Motion from Sparse Radar Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2026You Only Flow Once: Calibrated and Real-Time Radar Pose Estimation with Multi-Hypothesis Normalizing Flowscited by 0
- 2026Can Language Models Understand mmWave Data? Benchmarking Large Language Models for mmWave Radar-Based Human Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Can Language Models Understand mmWave Data? Benchmarking Large Language Models for mmWave Radar-Based Human Understanding14 Aug 2026
- 2026You Only Flow Once: Calibrated and Real-Time Radar Pose Estimation with Multi-Hypothesis Normalizing Flows10 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning Biomechanically Plausible Human Motion from Sparse Radar Point Clouds4 Aug 2026
- 2026Wave2Body: Rethinking mmWave Human Pose Estimation as Radar-to-Body Token Translation21 Jul 2026
- 2026RePos: Relative-to-Absolute Pose Factorization for Cross-Environment WiFi-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation3 Jul 2026
- 2026Privacy-Preserving Industrial Ergonomics: mmWave-Based Automated REBA Scoring and Pose Estimation1 Jul 2026
- 2026Expanding mmWave Datasets for Human Pose Estimation with Unlabeled Data and LiDAR Datasets15 Mar 2026
- 2026mmGAT: Pose Estimation by Graph Attention with Mutual Features from mmWave Radar Point Cloud9 Mar 2026
- 2026PCFEx: Point Cloud Feature Extraction for Graph Neural Networks9 Mar 2026
- 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstruction13 Dec 2025
- 2025mmPred: Radar-based Human Motion Prediction in the Dark29 Nov 2025
- 2025mmJoints: Expanding Joint Representations Beyond (x,y,z) in mmWave-Based 3D Pose Estimation10 Oct 2025
8 more
- 2025HoloLLM: Multisensory Foundation Model for Language-Grounded Human Sensing and Reasoning23 May 2025
- 2025GenHPE: Generative Counterfactuals for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Radio Frequency Signals12 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards Balanced Multi-Modal Learning in 3D Human Pose Estimation9 Jan 2025
- 2024X-Fi: A Modality-Invariant Foundation Model for Multimodal Human Sensing14 Oct 2024
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overview27 Jun 2024
- 2024Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Vision24 Mar 2024
- 2023MM-Fi: Multi-Modal Non-Intrusive 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Wireless Sensing12 May 2023
- 2022mRI: Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation Dataset using mmWave, RGB-D, and Inertial Sensors15 Oct 2022
- 2023MM-Fi: Multi-Modal Non-Intrusive 4D Human Dataset for Versatile Wireless Sensingcited by 79
- 2022mRI: Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation Dataset using mmWave, RGB-D, and Inertial Sensorscited by 38
- 2024X-Fi: A Modality-Invariant Foundation Model for Multimodal Human Sensingcited by 13
- 2025Towards Balanced Multi-Modal Learning in 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 12
- 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 7
- 2024Human Modelling and Pose Estimation Overviewcited by 4
- 2025mmPred: Radar-based Human Motion Prediction in the Darkcited by 3
- 2025GenHPE: Generative Counterfactuals for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Radio Frequency Signalscited by 1
- 2025mmJoints: Expanding Joint Representations Beyond (x,y,z) in mmWave-Based 3D Pose Estimationcited by 1
- 2026Expanding mmWave Datasets for Human Pose Estimation with Unlabeled Data and LiDAR Datasetscited by 1
- 2026Wave2Body: Rethinking mmWave Human Pose Estimation as Radar-to-Body Token Translationcited by 1
- 2026PCFEx: Point Cloud Feature Extraction for Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Learning Biomechanically Plausible Human Motion from Sparse Radar Point Clouds4 Aug 2026
- 2026Wave2Body: Rethinking mmWave Human Pose Estimation as Radar-to-Body Token Translation21 Jul 2026
- 2026RePos: Relative-to-Absolute Pose Factorization for Cross-Environment WiFi-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation3 Jul 2026
- 2026Privacy-Preserving Industrial Ergonomics: mmWave-Based Automated REBA Scoring and Pose Estimation1 Jul 2026
- 2026Expanding mmWave Datasets for Human Pose Estimation with Unlabeled Data and LiDAR Datasets15 Mar 2026
- 2026mmGAT: Pose Estimation by Graph Attention with Mutual Features from mmWave Radar Point Cloud9 Mar 2026
- 2026PCFEx: Point Cloud Feature Extraction for Graph Neural Networks9 Mar 2026
- 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstruction13 Dec 2025
- 2025mmPred: Radar-based Human Motion Prediction in the Dark29 Nov 2025
- 2025mmJoints: Expanding Joint Representations Beyond (x,y,z) in mmWave-Based 3D Pose Estimation10 Oct 2025
- 2025GenHPE: Generative Counterfactuals for 3D Human Pose Estimation with Radio Frequency Signals12 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards Balanced Multi-Modal Learning in 3D Human Pose Estimation9 Jan 2025
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)