Are Shortest Rationales the Best Explanations for Human Understanding?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing self-explaining models typically favor extracting the shortest possible rationales - snippets of an input text "responsible for" corresponding output - to explain the model prediction, with the assumption that shorter rationales are more intuitive to humans. However, this assumption has yet to be validated. Is the shortest rationale indeed the most human-understandable? To answer this question, we design a self-explaining model, LimitedInk, which allows users to extract rationales at any target length. Compared to existing baselines, LimitedInk achieves compatible end-task performance and human-annotated rationale agreement, making it a suitable representation of the recent class of self-explaining models. We use LimitedInk to conduct a user study on the impact of rationale length, where we ask human judges to predict the sentiment label of documents based only on LimitedInk-generated rationales with different lengths. We show rationales that are too short do not help humans predict labels better than randomly masked text, suggesting the need for more careful design of the best human rationales.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2022.
Builds on
18 of 25 references.
References · 18
- 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,070
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
- 2019ERASER: A Benchmark to Evaluate Rationalized NLP Modelscited by 530
- 2016Rationalizing Neural Predictionscited by 281
- 2019Understanding Deep Networks via Extremal Perturbations and Smooth Maskscited by 259
- 2018Learning to Explain: An Information-Theoretic Perspective on Model Interpretationcited by 248
- 2020Invariant Rationalizationcited by 131
- 2019Interpretable Neural Predictions with Differentiable Binary Variablescited by 126
- 2020Learning to Faithfully Rationalize by Constructioncited by 113
- 2019Rethinking Cooperative Rationalization: Introspective Extraction and Complement Controlcited by 96
- 2020An Information Bottleneck Approach for Controlling Conciseness in Rationale Extractioncited by 69
- 2021SelfExplain: A Self-Explaining Architecture for Neural Text Classifierscited by 44
6 more
- 2020How Useful Are the Machine-Generated Interpretations to General Users? A Human Evaluation on Guessing the Incorrectly Predicted Labelscited by 39
- 2020Evaluating and Characterizing Human Rationalescited by 36
- 2019Human-grounded Evaluations of Explanation Methods for Text Classificationcited by 28
- 2021Rationales for Sequential Predictionscited by 26
- 2021Mitigating Biases in Toxic Language Detection through Invariant Rationalizationcited by 7
- 2021Explaining the Road Not Takencited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
8 papers.
- 2022GLUE-X: Evaluating Natural Language Understanding Models from an Out-of-distribution Generalization Perspectivecited by 72
- 2023ConvXAI: Delivering Heterogeneous AI Explanations via Conversations to Support Human-AI Scientific Writingcited by 31
- 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignmentcited by 18
- 2024Is the MMI Criterion Necessary for Interpretability? Degenerating Non-causal Features to Plain Noise for Self-Rationalizationcited by 11
- 2024Utilizing Human Behavior Modeling to Manipulate Explanations in AI-Assisted Decision Making: The Good, the Bad, and the Scarycited by 10
- 2025MemeIntel: Explainable Detection of Propagandistic and Hateful Memescited by 10
- 2023Make Your Decision Convincing! A Unified Two-Stage Framework: Self-Attribution and Decision-Makingcited by 1
- 2026Attention-guided Fine-tuning of Multimodal Large Language Models Improves Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Attention-guided Fine-tuning of Multimodal Large Language Models Improves Chain-of-Thought Reasoning1 Jun 2026
- 2025MemeIntel: Explainable Detection of Propagandistic and Hateful Memes23 Feb 2025
- 2024Utilizing Human Behavior Modeling to Manipulate Explanations in AI-Assisted Decision Making: The Good, the Bad, and the Scary2 Nov 2024
- 2024Is the MMI Criterion Necessary for Interpretability? Degenerating Non-causal Features to Plain Noise for Self-Rationalization8 Oct 2024
- 2024Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignment13 Jun 2024
- 2023Make Your Decision Convincing! A Unified Two-Stage Framework: Self-Attribution and Decision-Making20 Oct 2023
- 2023ConvXAI: Delivering Heterogeneous AI Explanations via Conversations to Support Human-AI Scientific Writing16 May 2023
- 2022GLUE-X: Evaluating Natural Language Understanding Models from an Out-of-distribution Generalization Perspective15 Nov 2022