Graph Neural Networks for Multimodal Single-Cell Data Integration

Recent advances in multimodal single-cell technologies have enabled simultaneous acquisitions of multiple omics data from the same cell, providing deeper insights into cellular states and dynamics. However, it is challenging to learn the joint representations from the multimodal data, model the relationship between modalities, and, more importantly, incorporate the vast amount of single-modality datasets into the downstream analyses. To address these challenges and correspondingly facilitate multimodal single-cell data analyses, three key tasks have been introduced: textitmodality prediction, textitmodality matching and textitjoint embedding. In this work, we present a general Graph Neural Network framework textitscMoGNN to tackle these three tasks and show that textitscMoGNN demonstrates superior results in all three tasks compared with the state-of-the-art and conventional approaches. Our method is an official winner in the overall ranking of textitModality prediction from NeurIPS 2021 Competition, and all implementations of our methods have been integrated into DANCE package~urlhttps://github.com/OmicsML/dance.