FastFold: Reducing AlphaFold Training Time from 11 Days to 67 Hours
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Abstract (arXiv)
Protein structure prediction helps to understand gene translation and protein function, which is of growing interest and importance in structural biology. The AlphaFold model, which used transformer architecture to achieve atomic-level accuracy in protein structure prediction, was a significant breakthrough. However, training and inference of the AlphaFold model are challenging due to its high computation and memory cost. In this work, we present FastFold, an efficient implementation of AlphaFold for both training and inference. We propose Dynamic Axial Parallelism and Duality Async Operations to improve the scaling efficiency of model parallelism. Besides, AutoChunk is proposed to reduce memory cost by over 80% during inference by automatically determining the chunk strategy. Experimental results show that FastFold reduces overall training time from 11 days to 67 hours and achieves 7.5X - 9.5X speedup for long-sequence inference. Furthermore, we scale FastFold to 512 GPUs and achieve an aggregate throughput of 6.02 PetaFLOP/s with 90.1% parallel efficiency.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2022.
Builds on
20 of 36 references.
References · 20
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8 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 5.
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- 2023Large AI Models in Health Informatics: Applications, Challenges, and the Futurecited by 61
- 2022Protein Language Models and Structure Prediction: Connection and Progressioncited by 17
- 2025SimpleFold: Folding Proteins is Simpler than You Thinkcited by 16
- 2022HelixFold: An Efficient Implementation of AlphaFold2 using PaddlePaddlecited by 12
- 2024ScaleFold: Reducing AlphaFold Initial Training Time to 10 Hourscited by 8
- 2025The quest for the GRAph Level autoEncoder (GRALE)cited by 8
- 2023SuperScaler: Supporting Flexible DNN Parallelization via a Unified Abstractioncited by 5
- 2025MegaFold: Efficient Training of Next-Generation 3D Attention Protein Models on Cross-Platform GPUscited by 1
- 2026DCFold: Efficient Protein Structure Generation with Single Forward Passcited by 1
- 2026AgentFold: Closed-Loop Agentic Search for Protein Folding Model Designcited by 1
- 2023Solvent: A Framework for Protein Foldingcited by 0
- 2026Design-CP: Context Parallelism for Design of Protein Nanoparticlescited by 0
- 2026TurboPairFormer: Fast and Stable Protein Folding Model Training with an Optimized Triangle Attention Kernel5 Oct 2026
- 2026Accelerator Choice Is Not Enough: AlphaFold2 Inference on Cloud TPUs28 Sep 2026
- 2026AgentFold: Closed-Loop Agentic Search for Protein Folding Model Design27 Aug 2026
- 2026Design-CP: Context Parallelism for Design of Protein Nanoparticles3 Jul 2026
- 2026DCFold: Efficient Protein Structure Generation with Single Forward Pass18 May 2026
- 2025SimpleFold: Folding Proteins is Simpler than You Think23 Sep 2025
- 2025MegaFold: Efficient Training of Next-Generation 3D Attention Protein Models on Cross-Platform GPUs24 Jun 2025
- 2025The quest for the GRAph Level autoEncoder (GRALE)28 May 2025
- 2024ScaleFold: Reducing AlphaFold Initial Training Time to 10 Hours17 Apr 2024
- 2023Solvent: A Framework for Protein Folding7 Jul 2023
- 2023Large AI Models in Health Informatics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future21 Mar 2023
- 2023SuperScaler: Supporting Flexible DNN Parallelization via a Unified Abstraction21 Jan 2023
- 2025SimpleFold: Folding Proteins is Simpler than You Thinkcited by 16
- 2025SimpleFold: Folding Proteins is Simpler than You Think23 Sep 2025
- 2023Large AI Models in Health Informatics: Applications, Challenges, and the Futurecited by 61
- 2022Protein Language Models and Structure Prediction: Connection and Progressioncited by 17
- 2022HelixFold: An Efficient Implementation of AlphaFold2 using PaddlePaddlecited by 12
- 2024ScaleFold: Reducing AlphaFold Initial Training Time to 10 Hourscited by 8
- 2025The quest for the GRAph Level autoEncoder (GRALE)cited by 8
- 2023SuperScaler: Supporting Flexible DNN Parallelization via a Unified Abstractioncited by 5
- 2025MegaFold: Efficient Training of Next-Generation 3D Attention Protein Models on Cross-Platform GPUscited by 1
- 2026DCFold: Efficient Protein Structure Generation with Single Forward Passcited by 1
- 2023Solvent: A Framework for Protein Foldingcited by 0
- 2026Design-CP: Context Parallelism for Design of Protein Nanoparticlescited by 0
- 2026Accelerator Choice Is Not Enough: AlphaFold2 Inference on Cloud TPUscited by 0
- 2026TurboPairFormer: Fast and Stable Protein Folding Model Training with an Optimized Triangle Attention Kernelcited by 0
- 2026TurboPairFormer: Fast and Stable Protein Folding Model Training with an Optimized Triangle Attention Kernel5 Oct 2026
- 2026Accelerator Choice Is Not Enough: AlphaFold2 Inference on Cloud TPUs28 Sep 2026
- 2026Design-CP: Context Parallelism for Design of Protein Nanoparticles3 Jul 2026
- 2026DCFold: Efficient Protein Structure Generation with Single Forward Pass18 May 2026
- 2025MegaFold: Efficient Training of Next-Generation 3D Attention Protein Models on Cross-Platform GPUs24 Jun 2025
- 2025The quest for the GRAph Level autoEncoder (GRALE)28 May 2025
- 2024ScaleFold: Reducing AlphaFold Initial Training Time to 10 Hours17 Apr 2024
- 2023Solvent: A Framework for Protein Folding7 Jul 2023
- 2023Large AI Models in Health Informatics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future21 Mar 2023
- 2023SuperScaler: Supporting Flexible DNN Parallelization via a Unified Abstraction21 Jan 2023
- 2022Protein Language Models and Structure Prediction: Connection and Progression30 Nov 2022
- 2022HelixFold: An Efficient Implementation of AlphaFold2 using PaddlePaddle12 Jul 2022