Cold Item Integration in Deep Hybrid Recommenders via Tunable Stochastic Gates
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Abstract (arXiv)
A major challenge in collaborative filtering methods is how to produce recommendations for cold items (items with no ratings), or integrate cold item into an existing catalog. Over the years, a variety of hybrid recommendation models have been proposed to address this problem by utilizing items' metadata and content along with their ratings or usage patterns. In this work, we wish to revisit the cold start problem in order to draw attention to an overlooked challenge: the ability to integrate and balance between (regular) warm items and completely cold items. In this case, two different challenges arise: (1) preserving high quality performance on warm items, while (2) learning to promote cold items to relevant users. First, we show that these two objectives are in fact conflicting, and the balance between them depends on the business needs and the application at hand. Next, we propose a novel hybrid recommendation algorithm that bridges these two conflicting objectives and enables a harmonized balance between preserving high accuracy for warm items while effectively promoting completely cold items. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on movies, apps, and articles recommendations, and provide an empirical analysis of the cold-warm trade-off.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2021.
Builds on
18 of 51 references.
References · 18
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6 more
- 2020Neural Attentive Multiview Machinescited by 11
- 2020Bayesian Hierarchical Words Representation Learningcited by 10
- 2020Attentive Item2Vec: Neural Attentive User Representationscited by 9
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
8 papers.
- 2022Grad-SAM: Explaining Transformers via Gradient Self-Attention Mapscited by 42
- 2022Interpreting BERT-based Text Similarity via Activation and Saliency Mapscited by 8
- 2022MetricBERT: Text Representation Learning via Self-Supervised Triplet Trainingcited by 3
- 2023Efficient Discovery and Effective Evaluation of Visual Perceptual Similarity: A Benchmark and Beyondcited by 3
- 2025Fidelity-Aware Recommendation Explanations via Stochastic Path Integrationcited by 2
- 2023Item Cold Start Recommendation via Adversarial Variational Auto-encoder Warm-upcited by 0
- 2024General Item Representation Learning for Cold-start Content Recommendationscited by 0
- 2025Extracting Interaction-Aware Monosemantic Concepts in Recommender Systemscited by 0
- 2025Fidelity-Aware Recommendation Explanations via Stochastic Path Integration22 Nov 2025
- 2025Extracting Interaction-Aware Monosemantic Concepts in Recommender Systems22 Nov 2025
- 2024General Item Representation Learning for Cold-start Content Recommendations22 Apr 2024
- 2023Efficient Discovery and Effective Evaluation of Visual Perceptual Similarity: A Benchmark and Beyond28 Aug 2023
- 2023Item Cold Start Recommendation via Adversarial Variational Auto-encoder Warm-up28 Feb 2023
- 2022Interpreting BERT-based Text Similarity via Activation and Saliency Maps13 Aug 2022
- 2022MetricBERT: Text Representation Learning via Self-Supervised Triplet Training13 Aug 2022
- 2022Grad-SAM: Explaining Transformers via Gradient Self-Attention Maps23 Apr 2022