Diffeomorphically Learning Stable Koopman Operators
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Abstract (arXiv)
System representations inspired by the infinite-dimensional Koopman operator (generator) are increasingly considered for predictive modeling. Due to the operator's linearity, a range of nonlinear systems admit linear predictor representations - allowing for simplified prediction, analysis and control. However, finding meaningful finite-dimensional representations for prediction is difficult as it involves determining features that are both Koopman-invariant (evolve linearly under the dynamics) as well as relevant (spanning the original state) - a generally unsupervised problem. In this work, we present Koopmanizing Flows - a novel continuous-time framework for supervised learning of linear predictors for a class of nonlinear dynamics. In our model construction a latent diffeomorphically related linear system unfolds into a linear predictor through the composition with a monomial basis. The lifting, its linear dynamics and state reconstruction are learned simultaneously, while an unconstrained parameterization of Hurwitz matrices ensures asymptotic stability regardless of the operator approximation accuracy. The superior efficacy of Koopmanizing Flows is demonstrated in comparison to a state-of-the-art method on the well-known LASA handwriting benchmark.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2021.
Builds on
9 of 24 references.
References · 9
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2016Density estimation using Real NVPcited by 2,029
- 2020Coupling-based Invertible Neural Networks Are Universal Diffeomorphism Approximatorscited by 85
- 2019Physics-Informed Probabilistic Learning of Linear Embeddings of Non-linear Dynamics With Guaranteed Stabilitycited by 53
- 2021Koopman Operator Dynamical Models: Learning, Analysis and Controlcited by 42
- 2018Optimal construction of Koopman eigenfunctions for prediction and controlcited by 34
- 2021Learning Stable Koopman Embeddingscited by 18
- 2021Learning the Koopman Eigendecomposition: A Diffeomorphic Approachcited by 9
- 2021On the equivalence of contraction and Koopman approaches for nonlinear stability and controlcited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
13 papers.
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- 2023Koopman Kernel Regressioncited by 22
- 2024Learning Neural Contracting Dynamics: Extended Linearization and Global Guaranteescited by 11
- 2023Neural Koopman prior for data assimilationcited by 9
- 2024Fusion Dynamical Systems with Machine Learning in Imitation Learning: A Comprehensive Overviewcited by 3
- 2025Augmented Invertible Koopman Autoencoder for long-term time series forecastingcited by 3
- 2022Temporal Forward-Backward Consistency, Not Residual Error, Measures the Prediction Accuracy of Extended Dynamic Mode Decompositioncited by 2
- 2023Data-Driven Encoding: A New Numerical Method for Computation of the Koopman Operatorcited by 1
- 2024Learning Noise-Robust Stable Koopman Operator for Control with Hankel DMDcited by 1
- 2025KoopMotion: Learning Almost Divergence Free Koopman Flow Fields for Motion Planningcited by 1
- 2026Koopman operator theory: fundamentals, control, and applicationscited by 1
- 2022Learned Lifted Linearization Applied to Unstable Dynamic Systems Enabled by Koopman Direct Encodingcited by 0
- 2024Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Koopman operator theory: fundamentals, control, and applications2 Jul 2026
- 2025KoopMotion: Learning Almost Divergence Free Koopman Flow Fields for Motion Planning11 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning Geometrically-Informed Lyapunov Functions with Deep Diffeomorphic RBF Networks3 Apr 2025
- 2025Augmented Invertible Koopman Autoencoder for long-term time series forecasting17 Mar 2025
- 2024Learning Noise-Robust Stable Koopman Operator for Control with Hankel DMD13 Aug 2024
- 2024Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation1 May 2024
- 2024Fusion Dynamical Systems with Machine Learning in Imitation Learning: A Comprehensive Overview29 Mar 2024
- 2024Learning Neural Contracting Dynamics: Extended Linearization and Global Guarantees12 Feb 2024
- 2023Neural Koopman prior for data assimilation11 Sep 2023
- 2023Koopman Kernel Regression25 May 2023
- 2023Data-Driven Encoding: A New Numerical Method for Computation of the Koopman Operator16 Jan 2023
- 2022Learned Lifted Linearization Applied to Unstable Dynamic Systems Enabled by Koopman Direct Encoding24 Oct 2022
- 2023Koopman Kernel Regressioncited by 22
- 2024Learning Neural Contracting Dynamics: Extended Linearization and Global Guaranteescited by 11
- 2023Neural Koopman prior for data assimilationcited by 9
- 2025Augmented Invertible Koopman Autoencoder for long-term time series forecastingcited by 3
- 2022Temporal Forward-Backward Consistency, Not Residual Error, Measures the Prediction Accuracy of Extended Dynamic Mode Decompositioncited by 2
- 2023Data-Driven Encoding: A New Numerical Method for Computation of the Koopman Operatorcited by 1
- 2024Learning Noise-Robust Stable Koopman Operator for Control with Hankel DMDcited by 1
- 2025KoopMotion: Learning Almost Divergence Free Koopman Flow Fields for Motion Planningcited by 1
- 2026Koopman operator theory: fundamentals, control, and applicationscited by 1
- 2022Learned Lifted Linearization Applied to Unstable Dynamic Systems Enabled by Koopman Direct Encodingcited by 0
- 2024Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Learning Geometrically-Informed Lyapunov Functions with Deep Diffeomorphic RBF Networkscited by 0
- 2026Koopman operator theory: fundamentals, control, and applications2 Jul 2026
- 2025KoopMotion: Learning Almost Divergence Free Koopman Flow Fields for Motion Planning11 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning Geometrically-Informed Lyapunov Functions with Deep Diffeomorphic RBF Networks3 Apr 2025
- 2025Augmented Invertible Koopman Autoencoder for long-term time series forecasting17 Mar 2025
- 2024Learning Noise-Robust Stable Koopman Operator for Control with Hankel DMD13 Aug 2024
- 2024Koopman-based Deep Learning for Nonlinear System Estimation1 May 2024
- 2024Learning Neural Contracting Dynamics: Extended Linearization and Global Guarantees12 Feb 2024
- 2023Neural Koopman prior for data assimilation11 Sep 2023
- 2023Koopman Kernel Regression25 May 2023
- 2023Data-Driven Encoding: A New Numerical Method for Computation of the Koopman Operator16 Jan 2023
- 2022Learned Lifted Linearization Applied to Unstable Dynamic Systems Enabled by Koopman Direct Encoding24 Oct 2022
- 2022Temporal Forward-Backward Consistency, Not Residual Error, Measures the Prediction Accuracy of Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition15 Jul 2022