Optical Character Recognition of 19th Century Classical Commentaries: the Current State of Affairs
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Together with critical editions and translations, commentaries are one of the main genres of publication in literary and textual scholarship, and have a century-long tradition. Yet, the exploitation of thousands of digitized historical commentaries was hitherto hindered by the poor quality of Optical Character Recognition (OCR), especially on commentaries to Greek texts. In this paper, we evaluate the performances of two pipelines suitable for the OCR of historical classical commentaries. Our results show that Kraken + Ciaconna reaches a substantially lower character error rate (CER) than Tesseract/OCR-D on commentary sections with high density of polytonic Greek text (average CER 7% vs. 13%), while Tesseract/OCR-D is slightly more accurate than Kraken + Ciaconna on text sections written predominantly in Latin script (average CER 8.2% vs. 8.4%). As part of this paper, we also release GT4HistComment, a small dataset with OCR ground truth for 19th classical commentaries and Pogretra, a large collection of training data and pre-trained models for a wide variety of ancient Greek typefaces.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 3 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2021.
Builds on
3 of 27 references.
References · 3
- 2018Calamari - A High-Performance Tensorflow-based Deep Learning Package for Optical Character Recognitioncited by 15
- 2018Ground Truth for training OCR engines on historical documents in German Fraktur and Early Modern Latincited by 12
- 2019OCR4all -- An Open-Source Tool Providing a (Semi-)Automatic OCR Workflow for Historical Printingscited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
7 papers.
- 2023Yes but.. Can ChatGPT Identify Entities in Historical Documents?cited by 10
- 2025CHURRO: Making History Readable with an Open-Weight Large Vision-Language Model for High-Accuracy, Low-Cost Historical Text Recognitioncited by 9
- 2025Ancient Script Image Recognition and Processing: A Reviewcited by 6
- 2024CLOCR-C: Context Leveraging OCR Correction with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026Reading or Guessing? Visual Grounding Failures of Vision-Language Models for OCR in Ancient Greek Editionscited by 5
- 2024Making Old Kurdish Publications Processable by Augmenting Available Optical Character Recognition Enginescited by 1
- 2026The Patrologia Graeca Corpus: OCR, Annotation, and Open Release of Noisy Nineteenth-Century Polytonic Greek Editionscited by 0
- 2026Reading or Guessing? Visual Grounding Failures of Vision-Language Models for OCR in Ancient Greek Editions26 May 2026
- 2026The Patrologia Graeca Corpus: OCR, Annotation, and Open Release of Noisy Nineteenth-Century Polytonic Greek Editions10 Mar 2026
- 2025CHURRO: Making History Readable with an Open-Weight Large Vision-Language Model for High-Accuracy, Low-Cost Historical Text Recognition24 Sep 2025
- 2025Ancient Script Image Recognition and Processing: A Review24 Jun 2025
- 2024CLOCR-C: Context Leveraging OCR Correction with Pre-trained Language Models30 Aug 2024
- 2024Making Old Kurdish Publications Processable by Augmenting Available Optical Character Recognition Engines9 Apr 2024
- 2023Yes but.. Can ChatGPT Identify Entities in Historical Documents?30 Mar 2023