Serving DNN Models with Multi-Instance GPUs: A Case of the Reconfigurable Machine Scheduling Problem
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) is a new feature introduced by NVIDIA A100 GPUs that partitions one physical GPU into multiple GPU instances. With MIG, A100 can be the most cost-efficient GPU ever for serving Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, discovering the most efficient GPU partitions is challenging. The underlying problem is NP-hard; moreover, it is a new abstract problem, which we define as the Reconfigurable Machine Scheduling Problem (RMS). This paper studies serving DNNs with MIG, a new case of RMS. We further propose a solution, MIG-serving. MIG- serving is an algorithm pipeline that blends a variety of newly designed algorithms and customized classic algorithms, including a heuristic greedy algorithm, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm (MCTS). We implement MIG-serving on Kubernetes. Our experiments show that compared to using A100 as-is, MIG-serving can save up to 40% of GPUs while providing the same throughput.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2021.
Builds on
8 of 38 references.
References · 8
- 2016Clipper: A Low-Latency Online Prediction Serving Systemcited by 191
- 2020Serving DNNs like Clockwork: Performance Predictability from the Bottom Upcited by 119
- 2017TensorFlow-Serving: Flexible, High-Performance ML Servingcited by 85
- 2020Pollux: Co-adaptive Cluster Scheduling for Goodput-Optimized Deep Learningcited by 68
- 2020Heterogeneity-Aware Cluster Scheduling Policies for Deep Learning Workloadscited by 56
- 2019Themis: Fair and Efficient GPU Cluster Schedulingcited by 43
- 2021Accelerating Deep Learning Inference via Learned Cachescited by 8
- 2019Approximation Algorithms for Scheduling with Class Constraintscited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024MuxServe: Flexible Spatial-Temporal Multiplexing for Multiple LLM Servingcited by 49
- 2025HyGen: Efficient LLM Serving via Elastic Online-Offline Request Co-locationcited by 10
- 2025LithOS: An Operating System for Efficient Machine Learning on GPUscited by 9
- 2022Deep Learning Workload Scheduling in GPU Datacenters: Taxonomy, Challenges and Visioncited by 6
- 2023MIGPerf: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Deep Learning Training and Inference Workloads on Multi-Instance GPUscited by 1
- 2023A Survey of Serverless Machine Learning Model Inferencecited by 0
- 2026Energy-Aware Scheduling for Serverless LLM Serving on Shared GPUscited by 0
- 2026Energy-Aware Scheduling for Serverless LLM Serving on Shared GPUs29 Jun 2026
- 2025LithOS: An Operating System for Efficient Machine Learning on GPUs21 Apr 2025
- 2025HyGen: Efficient LLM Serving via Elastic Online-Offline Request Co-location15 Jan 2025
- 2024MuxServe: Flexible Spatial-Temporal Multiplexing for Multiple LLM Serving2 Apr 2024
- 2023A Survey of Serverless Machine Learning Model Inference22 Nov 2023
- 2023MIGPerf: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Deep Learning Training and Inference Workloads on Multi-Instance GPUs1 Jan 2023
- 2022Deep Learning Workload Scheduling in GPU Datacenters: Taxonomy, Challenges and Vision24 May 2022