A2Log: Attentive Augmented Log Anomaly Detection
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Anomaly detection becomes increasingly important for the dependability and serviceability of IT services. As log lines record events during the execution of IT services, they are a primary source for diagnostics. Thereby, unsupervised methods provide a significant benefit since not all anomalies can be known at training time. Existing unsupervised methods need anomaly examples to obtain a suitable decision boundary required for the anomaly detection task. This requirement poses practical limitations. Therefore, we develop A2Log, which is an unsupervised anomaly detection method consisting of two steps: Anomaly scoring and anomaly decision. First, we utilize a self-attention neural network to perform the scoring for each log message. Second, we set the decision boundary based on data augmentation of the available normal training data. The method is evaluated on three publicly available datasets and one industry dataset. We show that our approach outperforms existing methods. Furthermore, we utilize available anomaly examples to set optimal decision boundaries to acquire strong baselines. We show that our approach, which determines decision boundaries without utilizing anomaly examples, can reach scores of the strong baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2021.
Builds on
10 of 40 references.
References · 10
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2017Convolutional Sequence to Sequence Learningcited by 550
- 2020Neural Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in NLP---A Surveycited by 142
- 2021LogBERT: Log Anomaly Detection via BERTcited by 114
- 2019Small Data Challenges in Big Data Era: A Survey of Recent Progress on Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Methodscited by 62
- 2020Self-Attentive Classification-Based Anomaly Detection in Unstructured Logscited by 36
- 2020Self-Supervised Log Parsingcited by 23
- 2018Recurrent Neural Network Attention Mechanisms for Interpretable System Log Anomaly Detectioncited by 21
- 2021Decentralized Federated Learning Preserves Model and Data Privacycited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
10 papers.
- 2022Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection in Log Data: A Surveycited by 27
- 2022LogLG: Weakly Supervised Log Anomaly Detection via Log-Event Graph Constructioncited by 8
- 2021TransLog: A Unified Transformer-based Framework for Log Anomaly Detectioncited by 7
- 2021LogLAB: Attention-Based Labeling of Log Data Anomalies via Weak Supervisioncited by 6
- 2021A Taxonomy of Anomalies in Log Datacited by 5
- 2024FastLogAD: Log Anomaly Detection with Mask-Guided Pseudo Anomaly Generation and Discriminationcited by 4
- 2023PULL: Reactive Log Anomaly Detection Based On Iterative PU Learningcited by 3
- 2023Progressing from Anomaly Detection to Automated Log Labeling and Pioneering Root Cause Analysiscited by 0
- 2024Unsupervised Threat Hunting using Continuous Bag-of-Terms-and-Time (CBoTT)cited by 0
- 2025A unified framework for detecting point and collective anomalies in operating system logs via collaborative transformerscited by 0
- 2025A unified framework for detecting point and collective anomalies in operating system logs via collaborative transformers29 Dec 2025
- 2024FastLogAD: Log Anomaly Detection with Mask-Guided Pseudo Anomaly Generation and Discrimination12 Apr 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Threat Hunting using Continuous Bag-of-Terms-and-Time (CBoTT)15 Mar 2024
- 2023Progressing from Anomaly Detection to Automated Log Labeling and Pioneering Root Cause Analysis22 Dec 2023
- 2023PULL: Reactive Log Anomaly Detection Based On Iterative PU Learning25 Jan 2023
- 2022LogLG: Weakly Supervised Log Anomaly Detection via Log-Event Graph Construction23 Aug 2022
- 2022Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection in Log Data: A Survey8 Jul 2022
- 2021TransLog: A Unified Transformer-based Framework for Log Anomaly Detection31 Dec 2021
- 2021A Taxonomy of Anomalies in Log Data26 Nov 2021
- 2021LogLAB: Attention-Based Labeling of Log Data Anomalies via Weak Supervision2 Nov 2021