Graph Capsule Aggregation for Unaligned Multimodal Sequences
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Abstract (arXiv)
Humans express their opinions and emotions through multiple modalities which mainly consist of textual, acoustic and visual modalities. Prior works on multimodal sentiment analysis mostly apply Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to model aligned multimodal sequences. However, it is unpractical to align multimodal sequences due to different sample rates for different modalities. Moreover, RNN is prone to the issues of gradient vanishing or exploding and it has limited capacity of learning long-range dependency which is the major obstacle to model unaligned multimodal sequences. In this paper, we introduce Graph Capsule Aggregation (GraphCAGE) to model unaligned multimodal sequences with graph-based neural model and Capsule Network. By converting sequence data into graph, the previously mentioned problems of RNN are avoided. In addition, the aggregation capability of Capsule Network and the graph-based structure enable our model to be interpretable and better solve the problem of long-range dependency. Experimental results suggest that GraphCAGE achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets with representations refined by Capsule Network and interpretation provided.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Aug 2021.
Builds on
23 of 43 references.
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11 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2024Trustworthy Multimodal Fusion for Sentiment Analysis in Ordinal Sentiment Spacecited by 8
- 2022Curriculum Learning Meets Weakly Supervised Modality Correlation Learningcited by 1
- 2025Structures Meet Semantics: Multimodal Fusion via Graph Contrastive Learningcited by 1
- 2025Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Double Information Bottleneckcited by 1
- 2024Mutual Information-based Representations Disentanglement for Unaligned Multimodal Language Sequencescited by 0
- 2026MIAR: Modality Interaction and Alignment Representation Fuison for Multimodal Emotioncited by 0
- 2026MIAR: Modality Interaction and Alignment Representation Fuison for Multimodal Emotion3 Jan 2026
- 2025Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Double Information Bottleneck3 Nov 2025
- 2025Structures Meet Semantics: Multimodal Fusion via Graph Contrastive Learning24 Aug 2025
- 2024Mutual Information-based Representations Disentanglement for Unaligned Multimodal Language Sequences19 Sep 2024
- 2024Trustworthy Multimodal Fusion for Sentiment Analysis in Ordinal Sentiment Space13 Apr 2024
- 2022Curriculum Learning Meets Weakly Supervised Modality Correlation Learning15 Dec 2022