Neural Photofit: Gaze-based Mental Image Reconstruction
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a novel method that leverages human fixations to visually decode the image a person has in mind into a photofit (facial composite). Our method combines three neural networks: An encoder, a scoring network, and a decoder. The encoder extracts image features and predicts a neural activation map for each face looked at by a human observer. A neural scoring network compares the human and neural attention and predicts a relevance score for each extracted image feature. Finally, image features are aggregated into a single feature vector as a linear combination of all features weighted by relevance which a decoder decodes into the final photofit. We train the neural scoring network on a novel dataset containing gaze data of 19 participants looking at collages of synthetic faces. We show that our method significantly outperforms a mean baseline predictor and report on a human study that shows that we can decode photofits that are visually plausible and close to the observer's mental image.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Aug 2021.
Builds on
12 of 42 references.
References · 12
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- 2017How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)cited by 524
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- 2019Multi-task Generative Adversarial Learning on Geometrical Shape Reconstruction from EEG Brain Signalscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2024Learning User Embeddings from Human Gaze for Personalised Saliency Predictioncited by 4
- 2025Distinguishing Target and Non-Target Fixations with EEG and Eye Tracking in Realistic Visual Scenescited by 2
- 2025Implicit Search Intent Recognition using EEG and Eye Tracking: Novel Dataset and Cross-User Predictioncited by 1
- 2024HAIFAI: Human-AI Interaction for Mental Face Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Gaze-to-text Generation: Beyond Categorical Decoding of Human Attentioncited by 0
- 2026Gaze-to-text Generation: Beyond Categorical Decoding of Human Attention27 Jul 2026
- 2025Implicit Search Intent Recognition using EEG and Eye Tracking: Novel Dataset and Cross-User Prediction3 Aug 2025
- 2025Distinguishing Target and Non-Target Fixations with EEG and Eye Tracking in Realistic Visual Scenes3 Aug 2025
- 2024HAIFAI: Human-AI Interaction for Mental Face Reconstruction9 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning User Embeddings from Human Gaze for Personalised Saliency Prediction20 Mar 2024