Semi-Supervised Learning with Multi-Head Co-Training
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Abstract (arXiv)
Co-training, extended from self-training, is one of the frameworks for semi-supervised learning. Without natural split of features, single-view co-training works at the cost of training extra classifiers, where the algorithm should be delicately designed to prevent individual classifiers from collapsing into each other. To remove these obstacles which deter the adoption of single-view co-training, we present a simple and efficient algorithm Multi-Head Co-Training. By integrating base learners into a multi-head structure, the model is in a minimal amount of extra parameters. Every classification head in the unified model interacts with its peers through a "Weak and Strong Augmentation" strategy, in which the diversity is naturally brought by the strong data augmentation. Therefore, the proposed method facilitates single-view co-training by 1). promoting diversity implicitly and 2). only requiring a small extra computational overhead. The effectiveness of Multi-Head Co-Training is demonstrated in an empirical study on standard semi-supervised learning benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jul 2021.
Builds on
29 of 62 references.
References · 29
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17 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 6; 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
15 papers.
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- 2022SimMatch: Semi-supervised Learning with Similarity Matchingcited by 118
- 2024A Review of Pseudo-Labeling for Computer Visioncited by 16
- 2022Estimating Soft Labels for Out-of-Domain Intent Detectioncited by 11
- 2023Boosting Semi-Supervised Learning by bridging high and low-confidence predictionscited by 11
- 2023SequenceMatch: Revisiting the design of weak-strong augmentations for Semi-supervised learningcited by 8
- 2023OTMatch: Improving Semi-Supervised Learning with Optimal Transportcited by 6
- 2023Debiasing, calibrating, and improving Semi-supervised Learning performance via simple Ensemble Projectorcited by 2
- 2023Self-training through Classifier Disagreement for Cross-Domain Opinion Target Extractioncited by 1
- 2023Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Co-Distribution Alignmentcited by 1
- 2025MultiMatch: Multihead Consistency Regularization Matching for Semi-Supervised Text Classificationcited by 1
- 2025CATCHFed: Efficient Unlabeled Data Utilization for Semi-Supervised Federated Learning in Limited Labels Environmentscited by 1
- 2024LayerMatch: Do Pseudo-labels Benefit All Layers?cited by 0
3 more
- 2025SpikeMatch: Semi-Supervised Learning with Temporal Dynamics of Spiking Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026Semi-Supervised Masked Autoencoders: Unlocking Vision Transformer Potential with Limited Datacited by 0
- 2026From Mobile Data to Business Insights: An End-to-End Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Urban Mobility Analysis and Decision Supportcited by 0
- 2026From Mobile Data to Business Insights: An End-to-End Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Urban Mobility Analysis and Decision Support3 Jul 2026
- 2026Semi-Supervised Masked Autoencoders: Unlocking Vision Transformer Potential with Limited Data27 Jan 2026
- 2025CATCHFed: Efficient Unlabeled Data Utilization for Semi-Supervised Federated Learning in Limited Labels Environments14 Nov 2025
- 2025SpikeMatch: Semi-Supervised Learning with Temporal Dynamics of Spiking Neural Networks26 Sep 2025
- 2025MultiMatch: Multihead Consistency Regularization Matching for Semi-Supervised Text Classification9 Jun 2025
- 2024A Review of Pseudo-Labeling for Computer Vision13 Aug 2024
- 2024LayerMatch: Do Pseudo-labels Benefit All Layers?20 Jun 2024
- 2023OTMatch: Improving Semi-Supervised Learning with Optimal Transport26 Oct 2023
- 2023SequenceMatch: Revisiting the design of weak-strong augmentations for Semi-supervised learning24 Oct 2023
- 2023Debiasing, calibrating, and improving Semi-supervised Learning performance via simple Ensemble Projector24 Oct 2023
- 2023Boosting Semi-Supervised Learning by bridging high and low-confidence predictions15 Aug 2023
- 2023Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Co-Distribution Alignment24 Jul 2023
3 more
- 2022SimMatch: Semi-supervised Learning with Similarity Matchingcited by 118
- 2024A Review of Pseudo-Labeling for Computer Visioncited by 16
- 2022Estimating Soft Labels for Out-of-Domain Intent Detectioncited by 11
- 2023Boosting Semi-Supervised Learning by bridging high and low-confidence predictionscited by 11
- 2023SequenceMatch: Revisiting the design of weak-strong augmentations for Semi-supervised learningcited by 8
- 2023OTMatch: Improving Semi-Supervised Learning with Optimal Transportcited by 6
- 2023Debiasing, calibrating, and improving Semi-supervised Learning performance via simple Ensemble Projectorcited by 2
- 2023Self-training through Classifier Disagreement for Cross-Domain Opinion Target Extractioncited by 1
- 2023Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Co-Distribution Alignmentcited by 1
- 2025MultiMatch: Multihead Consistency Regularization Matching for Semi-Supervised Text Classificationcited by 1
- 2025CATCHFed: Efficient Unlabeled Data Utilization for Semi-Supervised Federated Learning in Limited Labels Environmentscited by 1
- 2024LayerMatch: Do Pseudo-labels Benefit All Layers?cited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026From Mobile Data to Business Insights: An End-to-End Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Urban Mobility Analysis and Decision Support3 Jul 2026
- 2026Semi-Supervised Masked Autoencoders: Unlocking Vision Transformer Potential with Limited Data27 Jan 2026
- 2025CATCHFed: Efficient Unlabeled Data Utilization for Semi-Supervised Federated Learning in Limited Labels Environments14 Nov 2025
- 2025SpikeMatch: Semi-Supervised Learning with Temporal Dynamics of Spiking Neural Networks26 Sep 2025
- 2025MultiMatch: Multihead Consistency Regularization Matching for Semi-Supervised Text Classification9 Jun 2025
- 2024A Review of Pseudo-Labeling for Computer Vision13 Aug 2024
- 2024LayerMatch: Do Pseudo-labels Benefit All Layers?20 Jun 2024
- 2023OTMatch: Improving Semi-Supervised Learning with Optimal Transport26 Oct 2023
- 2023SequenceMatch: Revisiting the design of weak-strong augmentations for Semi-supervised learning24 Oct 2023
- 2023Debiasing, calibrating, and improving Semi-supervised Learning performance via simple Ensemble Projector24 Oct 2023
- 2023Boosting Semi-Supervised Learning by bridging high and low-confidence predictions15 Aug 2023
- 2023Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Co-Distribution Alignment24 Jul 2023
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)