mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning Multiple Stock Trading Patterns with Temporal Routing Adaptor and Optimal Transport

arXiv 2106.12950 ↗First posted 24 Jun 2021cs.LG cs.CE q-fin.STcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

Successful quantitative investment usually relies on precise predictions of the future movement of the stock price. Recently, machine learning based solutions have shown their capacity to give more accurate stock prediction and become indispensable components in modern quantitative investment systems. However, the i.i.d. assumption behind existing methods is inconsistent with the existence of diverse trading patterns in the stock market, which inevitably limits their ability to achieve better stock prediction performance. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture, Temporal Routing Adaptor (TRA), to empower existing stock prediction models with the ability to model multiple stock trading patterns. Essentially, TRA is a lightweight module that consists of a set of independent predictors for learning multiple patterns as well as a router to dispatch samples to different predictors. Nevertheless, the lack of explicit pattern identifiers makes it quite challenging to train an effective TRA-based model. To tackle this challenge, we further design a learning algorithm based on Optimal Transport (OT) to obtain the optimal sample to predictor assignment and effectively optimize the router with such assignment through an auxiliary loss term. Experiments on the real-world stock ranking task show that compared to the state-of-the-art baselines, e.g., Attention LSTM and Transformer, the proposed method can improve information coefficient (IC) from 0.053 to 0.059 and 0.051 to 0.056 respectively. Our dataset and code used in this work are publicly available: https://github.com/microsoft/qlib/tree/main/examples/benchmarks/TRA.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2021.

Builds on

15 of 33 references.

References · 15

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3 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 7; 2025: 9; 2026: 6.

32 papers.

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  1. 2021HIST: A Graph-based Framework for Stock Trend Forecasting via Mining Concept-Oriented Shared Informationcited by 43
  2. 2025R&D-Agent-Quant: A Multi-Agent Framework for Data-Centric Factors and Model Joint Optimizationcited by 39
  3. 2024TimeBridge: Non-Stationarity Matters for Long-term Time Series Forecastingcited by 38
  4. 2025AlphaAgent: LLM-Driven Alpha Mining with Regularized Exploration to Counteract Alpha Decaycited by 36
  5. 2023DoubleAdapt: A Meta-learning Approach to Incremental Learning for Stock Trend Forecastingcited by 21
  6. 2024LSR-IGRU: Stock Trend Prediction Based on Long Short-Term Relationships and Improved GRUcited by 11
  7. 2023Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Tackling Stochasticity in Multi-Step Regression Stock Price Predictioncited by 10
  8. 2024DiffsFormer: A Diffusion Transformer on Stock Factor Augmentationcited by 9
  9. 2021Trade When Opportunity Comes: Price Movement Forecasting via Locality-Aware Attention and Iterative Refinement Labelingcited by 6
  10. 2021Deep Risk Model: A Deep Learning Solution for Mining Latent Risk Factors to Improve Covariance Matrix Estimationcited by 5
  11. 2023E2EAI: End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Active Investingcited by 4
  12. 2024MCI-GRU: Stock Prediction Model Based on Multi-Head Cross-Attention and Improved GRUcited by 4
20 more
  1. 2025Learning Universal Multi-level Market Irrationality Factors to Improve Stock Return Forecastingcited by 4
  2. 2025CSPO: Cross-Market Synergistic Stock Price Movement Forecasting with Pseudo-volatility Optimizationcited by 4
  3. 2021Expert Aggregation for Financial Forecastingcited by 3
  4. 2026FactorEngine: A Program-level Knowledge-Infused Factor Mining Framework for Quantitative Investmentcited by 3
  5. 2022Factor Investing with a Deep Multi-Factor Modelcited by 2
  6. 2022Quantitative Stock Investment by Routing Uncertainty-Aware Trading Experts: A Multi-Task Learning Approachcited by 1
  7. 2023Discovering Predictable Latent Factors for Time Series Forecastingcited by 1
  8. 2024MOT: A Mixture of Actors Reinforcement Learning Method by Optimal Transport for Algorithmic Tradingcited by 1
  9. 2025Mitigating Distribution Shift in Stock Price Data via Return-Volatility Normalization for Accurate Predictioncited by 1
  10. 2026AlphaCrafter: Harnessing Multi-Agent Workflows for Cross-Sectional Quantitative Tradingcited by 1
  11. 2024RAGIC: Risk-Aware Generative Adversarial Model for Stock Interval Constructioncited by 0
  12. 2024GRU-PFG: Extract Inter-Stock Correlation from Stock Factors with Graph Neural Networkcited by 0
  13. 2025Adapting to the Unknown: Robust Meta-Learning for Zero-Shot Financial Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
  14. 2025Cross-Modal Temporal Fusion for Financial Market Forecastingcited by 0
  15. 2025OTESGN: Optimal Transport-Enhanced Syntactic-Semantic Graph Networks for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
  16. 2025Momentum-integrated Multi-task Stock Recommendation with Converge-based Optimizationcited by 0
  17. 2026Integrating Inductive Biases in Transformers via Distillation for Financial Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
  18. 2026RAVEN: A Regime-Aware Variable-context Expert Network for Financial Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
  19. 2026Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Symbolic Discovery for Financial Fundamental Analysiscited by 0
  20. 2026Can AI Make Money in Crypto? Measuring the Gap from Backtests to Real Marketscited by 0