Learning Multiple Stock Trading Patterns with Temporal Routing Adaptor and Optimal Transport
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Abstract (arXiv)
Successful quantitative investment usually relies on precise predictions of the future movement of the stock price. Recently, machine learning based solutions have shown their capacity to give more accurate stock prediction and become indispensable components in modern quantitative investment systems. However, the i.i.d. assumption behind existing methods is inconsistent with the existence of diverse trading patterns in the stock market, which inevitably limits their ability to achieve better stock prediction performance. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture, Temporal Routing Adaptor (TRA), to empower existing stock prediction models with the ability to model multiple stock trading patterns. Essentially, TRA is a lightweight module that consists of a set of independent predictors for learning multiple patterns as well as a router to dispatch samples to different predictors. Nevertheless, the lack of explicit pattern identifiers makes it quite challenging to train an effective TRA-based model. To tackle this challenge, we further design a learning algorithm based on Optimal Transport (OT) to obtain the optimal sample to predictor assignment and effectively optimize the router with such assignment through an auxiliary loss term. Experiments on the real-world stock ranking task show that compared to the state-of-the-art baselines, e.g., Attention LSTM and Transformer, the proposed method can improve information coefficient (IC) from 0.053 to 0.059 and 0.051 to 0.056 respectively. Our dataset and code used in this work are publicly available: https://github.com/microsoft/qlib/tree/main/examples/benchmarks/TRA.
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2021.
Builds on
15 of 33 references.
References · 15
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 7; 2025: 9; 2026: 6.
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- 2021HIST: A Graph-based Framework for Stock Trend Forecasting via Mining Concept-Oriented Shared Informationcited by 43
- 2025R&D-Agent-Quant: A Multi-Agent Framework for Data-Centric Factors and Model Joint Optimizationcited by 39
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- 2023DoubleAdapt: A Meta-learning Approach to Incremental Learning for Stock Trend Forecastingcited by 21
- 2024LSR-IGRU: Stock Trend Prediction Based on Long Short-Term Relationships and Improved GRUcited by 11
- 2023Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Tackling Stochasticity in Multi-Step Regression Stock Price Predictioncited by 10
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- 2021Deep Risk Model: A Deep Learning Solution for Mining Latent Risk Factors to Improve Covariance Matrix Estimationcited by 5
- 2023E2EAI: End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Active Investingcited by 4
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- 2025Mitigating Distribution Shift in Stock Price Data via Return-Volatility Normalization for Accurate Predictioncited by 1
- 2026AlphaCrafter: Harnessing Multi-Agent Workflows for Cross-Sectional Quantitative Tradingcited by 1
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- 2026Integrating Inductive Biases in Transformers via Distillation for Financial Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
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- 2026AlphaCrafter: Harnessing Multi-Agent Workflows for Cross-Sectional Quantitative Trading7 May 2026
- 2026Integrating Inductive Biases in Transformers via Distillation for Financial Time Series Forecasting17 Mar 2026
- 2026FactorEngine: A Program-level Knowledge-Infused Factor Mining Framework for Quantitative Investment17 Mar 2026
- 2025OTESGN: Optimal Transport-Enhanced Syntactic-Semantic Graph Networks for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis10 Sep 2025
- 2025Mitigating Distribution Shift in Stock Price Data via Return-Volatility Normalization for Accurate Prediction13 Aug 2025
- 2025Momentum-integrated Multi-task Stock Recommendation with Converge-based Optimization5 Aug 2025
- 2025R&D-Agent-Quant: A Multi-Agent Framework for Data-Centric Factors and Model Joint Optimization21 May 2025
- 2025Cross-Modal Temporal Fusion for Financial Market Forecasting18 Apr 2025
- 2025Adapting to the Unknown: Robust Meta-Learning for Zero-Shot Financial Time Series Forecasting13 Apr 2025
20 more
- 2025CSPO: Cross-Market Synergistic Stock Price Movement Forecasting with Pseudo-volatility Optimization26 Mar 2025
- 2025AlphaAgent: LLM-Driven Alpha Mining with Regularized Exploration to Counteract Alpha Decay24 Feb 2025
- 2025Learning Universal Multi-level Market Irrationality Factors to Improve Stock Return Forecasting7 Feb 2025
- 2024GRU-PFG: Extract Inter-Stock Correlation from Stock Factors with Graph Neural Network28 Nov 2024
- 2024TimeBridge: Non-Stationarity Matters for Long-term Time Series Forecasting6 Oct 2024
- 2024MCI-GRU: Stock Prediction Model Based on Multi-Head Cross-Attention and Improved GRU25 Sep 2024
- 2024LSR-IGRU: Stock Trend Prediction Based on Long Short-Term Relationships and Improved GRU26 Aug 2024
- 2024MOT: A Mixture of Actors Reinforcement Learning Method by Optimal Transport for Algorithmic Trading3 Jun 2024
- 2024RAGIC: Risk-Aware Generative Adversarial Model for Stock Interval Construction16 Feb 2024
- 2024DiffsFormer: A Diffusion Transformer on Stock Factor Augmentation5 Feb 2024
- 2023Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Tackling Stochasticity in Multi-Step Regression Stock Price Prediction18 Aug 2023
- 2023DoubleAdapt: A Meta-learning Approach to Incremental Learning for Stock Trend Forecasting16 Jun 2023
- 2023E2EAI: End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Active Investing25 May 2023
- 2023Discovering Predictable Latent Factors for Time Series Forecasting18 Mar 2023
- 2022Factor Investing with a Deep Multi-Factor Model22 Oct 2022
- 2022Quantitative Stock Investment by Routing Uncertainty-Aware Trading Experts: A Multi-Task Learning Approach7 Jun 2022
- 2021Expert Aggregation for Financial Forecasting25 Nov 2021
- 2021HIST: A Graph-based Framework for Stock Trend Forecasting via Mining Concept-Oriented Shared Information26 Oct 2021
- 2021Trade When Opportunity Comes: Price Movement Forecasting via Locality-Aware Attention and Iterative Refinement Labeling26 Jul 2021
- 2021Deep Risk Model: A Deep Learning Solution for Mining Latent Risk Factors to Improve Covariance Matrix Estimation12 Jul 2021
- 2025R&D-Agent-Quant: A Multi-Agent Framework for Data-Centric Factors and Model Joint Optimizationcited by 39
- 2026AlphaCrafter: Harnessing Multi-Agent Workflows for Cross-Sectional Quantitative Tradingcited by 1
- 2026Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Symbolic Discovery for Financial Fundamental Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Symbolic Discovery for Financial Fundamental Analysis26 Sep 2026
- 2026AlphaCrafter: Harnessing Multi-Agent Workflows for Cross-Sectional Quantitative Trading7 May 2026
- 2025R&D-Agent-Quant: A Multi-Agent Framework for Data-Centric Factors and Model Joint Optimization21 May 2025
- 2021HIST: A Graph-based Framework for Stock Trend Forecasting via Mining Concept-Oriented Shared Informationcited by 43
- 2024TimeBridge: Non-Stationarity Matters for Long-term Time Series Forecastingcited by 38
- 2025AlphaAgent: LLM-Driven Alpha Mining with Regularized Exploration to Counteract Alpha Decaycited by 36
- 2023DoubleAdapt: A Meta-learning Approach to Incremental Learning for Stock Trend Forecastingcited by 21
- 2024LSR-IGRU: Stock Trend Prediction Based on Long Short-Term Relationships and Improved GRUcited by 11
- 2021Trade When Opportunity Comes: Price Movement Forecasting via Locality-Aware Attention and Iterative Refinement Labelingcited by 6
- 2021Deep Risk Model: A Deep Learning Solution for Mining Latent Risk Factors to Improve Covariance Matrix Estimationcited by 5
- 2023E2EAI: End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Active Investingcited by 4
- 2024MCI-GRU: Stock Prediction Model Based on Multi-Head Cross-Attention and Improved GRUcited by 4
- 2025Learning Universal Multi-level Market Irrationality Factors to Improve Stock Return Forecastingcited by 4
- 2025CSPO: Cross-Market Synergistic Stock Price Movement Forecasting with Pseudo-volatility Optimizationcited by 4
- 2021Expert Aggregation for Financial Forecastingcited by 3
12 most cited of 26 All 26 (JSON)
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- 2026Integrating Inductive Biases in Transformers via Distillation for Financial Time Series Forecasting17 Mar 2026
- 2026FactorEngine: A Program-level Knowledge-Infused Factor Mining Framework for Quantitative Investment17 Mar 2026
- 2025OTESGN: Optimal Transport-Enhanced Syntactic-Semantic Graph Networks for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis10 Sep 2025
- 2025Mitigating Distribution Shift in Stock Price Data via Return-Volatility Normalization for Accurate Prediction13 Aug 2025
- 2025Momentum-integrated Multi-task Stock Recommendation with Converge-based Optimization5 Aug 2025
- 2025Cross-Modal Temporal Fusion for Financial Market Forecasting18 Apr 2025
- 2025Adapting to the Unknown: Robust Meta-Learning for Zero-Shot Financial Time Series Forecasting13 Apr 2025
- 2025CSPO: Cross-Market Synergistic Stock Price Movement Forecasting with Pseudo-volatility Optimization26 Mar 2025
- 2025AlphaAgent: LLM-Driven Alpha Mining with Regularized Exploration to Counteract Alpha Decay24 Feb 2025
- 2025Learning Universal Multi-level Market Irrationality Factors to Improve Stock Return Forecasting7 Feb 2025
12 newest of 26 All 26 (JSON)