Graph Routing between Capsules
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Abstract (arXiv)
Routing methods in capsule networks often learn a hierarchical relationship for capsules in successive layers, but the intra-relation between capsules in the same layer is less studied, while this intra-relation is a key factor for the semantic understanding in text data. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a new capsule network with graph routing to learn both relationships, where capsules in each layer are treated as the nodes of a graph. We investigate strategies to yield adjacency and degree matrix with three different distances from a layer of capsules, and propose the graph routing mechanism between those capsules. We validate our approach on five text classification datasets, and our findings suggest that the approach combining bottom-up routing and top-down attention performs the best. Such an approach demonstrates generalization capability across datasets. Compared to the state-of-the-art routing methods, the improvements in accuracy in the five datasets we used were 0.82, 0.39, 0.07, 1.01, and 0.02, respectively.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jun 2021.
Builds on
16 of 32 references.
References · 16
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- 2014Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translatecited by 4,530
- 2019A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networkscited by 2,906
- 2017Dynamic Routing Between Capsulescited by 689
- 2019Learning Graph Embedding with Adversarial Training Methodscited by 84
- 2020BiERU: Bidirectional Emotional Recurrent Unit for Conversational Sentiment Analysiscited by 28
- 2018Investigating Capsule Networks with Dynamic Routing for Text Classificationcited by 23
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- 2019Towards Scalable and Reliable Capsule Networks for Challenging NLP Applicationscited by 10
4 more
- 2018Fast Dynamic Routing Based on Weighted Kernel Density Estimationcited by 8
- 2018Compositional Coding Capsule Network with K-Means Routing for Text Classificationcited by 5
- 2018Generalized Capsule Networks with Trainable Routing Procedurecited by 4
- 2018Information Aggregation via Dynamic Routing for Sequence Encodingcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
5 papers.
- 2022Learning with Capsules: A Surveycited by 10
- 2024Flexible Physical Camouflage Generation Based on a Differential Approachcited by 7
- 2022Deep-Attack over the Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2023DOEPatch: Dynamically Optimized Ensemble Model for Adversarial Patches Generationcited by 5
- 2025PR-CapsNet: Pseudo-Riemannian Capsule Network with Adaptive Curvature Routing for Graph Learningcited by 0
- 2025PR-CapsNet: Pseudo-Riemannian Capsule Network with Adaptive Curvature Routing for Graph Learning9 Dec 2025
- 2024Flexible Physical Camouflage Generation Based on a Differential Approach21 Feb 2024
- 2023DOEPatch: Dynamically Optimized Ensemble Model for Adversarial Patches Generation28 Dec 2023
- 2022Learning with Capsules: A Survey6 Jun 2022
- 2022Deep-Attack over the Deep Reinforcement Learning2 May 2022