Optimal Market Making by Reinforcement Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
We apply Reinforcement Learning algorithms to solve the classic quantitative finance Market Making problem, in which an agent provides liquidity to the market by placing buy and sell orders while maximizing a utility function. The optimal agent has to find a delicate balance between the price risk of her inventory and the profits obtained by capturing the bid-ask spread. We design an environment with a reward function that determines an order relation between policies equivalent to the original utility function. When comparing our agents with the optimal solution and a benchmark symmetric agent, we find that the Deep Q-Learning algorithm manages to recover the optimal agent.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 5 of its 10 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2021.
Builds on
5 of 10 references.
References · 5
- 2020Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 698
- 2016Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation with Asynchronous Off-Policy Updatescited by 342
- 2013Risk-sensitive Reinforcement Learningcited by 129
- 2018Market Making via Reinforcement Learningcited by 45
- 2019Reinforcement Learning for Portfolio Managementcited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
4 papers.
- 2024A Review of Reinforcement Learning in Financial Applicationscited by 11
- 2025Predicting Liquidity-Aware Bond Yields using Causal GANs and Deep Reinforcement Learning with LLM Evaluationcited by 2
- 2022Predictive Crypto-Asset Automated Market Making Architecture for Decentralized Finance using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2025Reinforcement Learning-Based Market Making as a Stochastic Control on Non-Stationary Limit Order Book Dynamicscited by 1
- 2025Reinforcement Learning-Based Market Making as a Stochastic Control on Non-Stationary Limit Order Book Dynamics15 Sep 2025
- 2025Predicting Liquidity-Aware Bond Yields using Causal GANs and Deep Reinforcement Learning with LLM Evaluation24 Feb 2025
- 2024A Review of Reinforcement Learning in Financial Applications1 Nov 2024
- 2022Predictive Crypto-Asset Automated Market Making Architecture for Decentralized Finance using Deep Reinforcement Learning28 Sep 2022