Results and Insights from Diagnostic Questions: The NeurIPS 2020 Education Challenge
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Abstract (arXiv)
This competition concerns educational diagnostic questions, which are pedagogically effective, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) whose distractors embody misconceptions. With a large and ever-increasing number of such questions, it becomes overwhelming for teachers to know which questions are the best ones to use for their students. We thus seek to answer the following question: how can we use data on hundreds of millions of answers to MCQs to drive automatic personalized learning in large-scale learning scenarios where manual personalization is infeasible? Success in using MCQ data at scale helps build more intelligent, personalized learning platforms that ultimately improve the quality of education en masse. To this end, we introduce a new, large-scale, real-world dataset and formulate 4 data mining tasks on MCQs that mimic real learning scenarios and target various aspects of the above question in a competition setting at NeurIPS 2020. We report on our NeurIPS competition in which nearly 400 teams submitted approximately 4000 submissions, with encouragingly diverse and effective approaches to each of our tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2021.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 1; 2023: 2; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
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- 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learningcited by 41
- 2024Distractor Generation in Multiple-Choice Tasks: A Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Evaluationcited by 25
- 2021Simultaneous Missing Value Imputation and Structure Learning with Groupscited by 16
- 2022DGEKT: A Dual Graph Ensemble Learning Method for Knowledge Tracingcited by 9
- 2024DiVERT: Distractor Generation with Variational Errors Represented as Text for Math Multiple-choice Questionscited by 7
- 2023Learnersourcing in the Age of AI: Student, Educator and Machine Partnerships for Content Creationcited by 6
- 2021DeepQR: Neural-based Quality Ratings for Learnersourced Multiple-Choice Questionscited by 5
- 2024A Review of Data Mining in Personalized Education: Current Trends and Future Prospectscited by 4
- 2021Assessing the Performance of Online Students -- New Data, New Approaches, Improved Accuracycited by 2
- 2024Not All Options Are Created Equal: Textual Option Weighting for Token-Efficient LLM-Based Knowledge Tracingcited by 2
- 2025Tailoring Diagnostic Modeling to Individual Learners: Personalized Distractor Generation via MCTS-Guided Reasoning Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025Model-Free Assessment of Simulator Fidelity via Quantile Curvescited by 2
5 more
- 2023Introducing instance label correlation in multiple instance learning. Application to cancer detection on histopathological imagescited by 1
- 2024Student Answer Forecasting: Transformer-Driven Answer Choice Prediction for Language Learningcited by 0
- 2025STRIVE: A Think & Improve Approach with Iterative Refinement for Enhancing Question Quality Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Recovering Stranded Discrimination in Knowledge Tracing: Per-Item Bias Correction via Empirical-Bayes Shrinkagecited by 0
- 2026Simulating Disengaged Students to Evaluate LLM-based Tutorscited by 0
- 2026Simulating Disengaged Students to Evaluate LLM-based Tutors11 Sep 2026
- 2026Recovering Stranded Discrimination in Knowledge Tracing: Per-Item Bias Correction via Empirical-Bayes Shrinkage12 Jun 2026
- 2025Model-Free Assessment of Simulator Fidelity via Quantile Curves4 Dec 2025
- 2025Tailoring Diagnostic Modeling to Individual Learners: Personalized Distractor Generation via MCTS-Guided Reasoning Reconstruction15 Aug 2025
- 2025STRIVE: A Think & Improve Approach with Iterative Refinement for Enhancing Question Quality Estimation8 Apr 2025
- 2024Not All Options Are Created Equal: Textual Option Weighting for Token-Efficient LLM-Based Knowledge Tracing14 Oct 2024
- 2024DiVERT: Distractor Generation with Variational Errors Represented as Text for Math Multiple-choice Questions27 Jun 2024
- 2024Student Answer Forecasting: Transformer-Driven Answer Choice Prediction for Language Learning30 May 2024
- 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learning23 Mar 2024
- 2024A Review of Data Mining in Personalized Education: Current Trends and Future Prospects27 Feb 2024
- 2024Distractor Generation in Multiple-Choice Tasks: A Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Evaluation2 Feb 2024
- 2023Introducing instance label correlation in multiple instance learning. Application to cancer detection on histopathological images30 Oct 2023
5 more
- 2023Learnersourcing in the Age of AI: Student, Educator and Machine Partnerships for Content Creation10 Jun 2023
- 2022DGEKT: A Dual Graph Ensemble Learning Method for Knowledge Tracing23 Nov 2022
- 2021DeepQR: Neural-based Quality Ratings for Learnersourced Multiple-Choice Questions19 Nov 2021
- 2021Simultaneous Missing Value Imputation and Structure Learning with Groups15 Oct 2021
- 2021Assessing the Performance of Online Students -- New Data, New Approaches, Improved Accuracy4 Sep 2021
- 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learningcited by 41
- 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learning23 Mar 2024
- 2024Distractor Generation in Multiple-Choice Tasks: A Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Evaluationcited by 25
- 2021Simultaneous Missing Value Imputation and Structure Learning with Groupscited by 16
- 2022DGEKT: A Dual Graph Ensemble Learning Method for Knowledge Tracingcited by 9
- 2024DiVERT: Distractor Generation with Variational Errors Represented as Text for Math Multiple-choice Questionscited by 7
- 2023Learnersourcing in the Age of AI: Student, Educator and Machine Partnerships for Content Creationcited by 6
- 2021DeepQR: Neural-based Quality Ratings for Learnersourced Multiple-Choice Questionscited by 5
- 2024A Review of Data Mining in Personalized Education: Current Trends and Future Prospectscited by 4
- 2021Assessing the Performance of Online Students -- New Data, New Approaches, Improved Accuracycited by 2
- 2024Not All Options Are Created Equal: Textual Option Weighting for Token-Efficient LLM-Based Knowledge Tracingcited by 2
- 2025Tailoring Diagnostic Modeling to Individual Learners: Personalized Distractor Generation via MCTS-Guided Reasoning Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2025Model-Free Assessment of Simulator Fidelity via Quantile Curvescited by 2
- 2023Introducing instance label correlation in multiple instance learning. Application to cancer detection on histopathological imagescited by 1
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Simulating Disengaged Students to Evaluate LLM-based Tutors11 Sep 2026
- 2026Recovering Stranded Discrimination in Knowledge Tracing: Per-Item Bias Correction via Empirical-Bayes Shrinkage12 Jun 2026
- 2025Model-Free Assessment of Simulator Fidelity via Quantile Curves4 Dec 2025
- 2025Tailoring Diagnostic Modeling to Individual Learners: Personalized Distractor Generation via MCTS-Guided Reasoning Reconstruction15 Aug 2025
- 2024Not All Options Are Created Equal: Textual Option Weighting for Token-Efficient LLM-Based Knowledge Tracing14 Oct 2024
- 2024DiVERT: Distractor Generation with Variational Errors Represented as Text for Math Multiple-choice Questions27 Jun 2024
- 2024Student Answer Forecasting: Transformer-Driven Answer Choice Prediction for Language Learning30 May 2024
- 2024A Review of Data Mining in Personalized Education: Current Trends and Future Prospects27 Feb 2024
- 2024Distractor Generation in Multiple-Choice Tasks: A Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Evaluation2 Feb 2024
- 2023Introducing instance label correlation in multiple instance learning. Application to cancer detection on histopathological images30 Oct 2023
- 2023Learnersourcing in the Age of AI: Student, Educator and Machine Partnerships for Content Creation10 Jun 2023
- 2022DGEKT: A Dual Graph Ensemble Learning Method for Knowledge Tracing23 Nov 2022
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)