mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TSception: Capturing Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Asymmetry from EEG for Emotion Recognition

arXiv 2104.02935 ↗First posted 7 Apr 2021cs.LGcited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

The high temporal resolution and the asymmetric spatial activations are essential attributes of electroencephalogram (EEG) underlying emotional processes in the brain. To learn the temporal dynamics and spatial asymmetry of EEG towards accurate and generalized emotion recognition, we propose TSception, a multi-scale convolutional neural network that can classify emotions from EEG. TSception consists of dynamic temporal, asymmetric spatial, and high-level fusion layers, which learn discriminative representations in the time and channel dimensions simultaneously. The dynamic temporal layer consists of multi-scale 1D convolutional kernels whose lengths are related to the sampling rate of EEG, which learns the dynamic temporal and frequency representations of EEG. The asymmetric spatial layer takes advantage of the asymmetric EEG patterns for emotion, learning the discriminative global and hemisphere representations. The learned spatial representations will be fused by a high-level fusion layer. Using more generalized cross-validation settings, the proposed method is evaluated on two publicly available datasets DEAP and MAHNOB-HCI. The performance of the proposed network is compared with prior reported methods such as SVM, KNN, FBFgMDM, FBTSC, Unsupervised learning, DeepConvNet, ShallowConvNet, and EEGNet. TSception achieves higher classification accuracies and F1 scores than other methods in most of the experiments. The codes are available at https://github.com/yi-ding-cs/TSception

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2021.

Builds on

7 of 63 references.

References · 7

  1. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  2. 2014Going Deeper with Convolutionscited by 4,231
  3. 2013Deep Inside Convolutional Networks: Visualising Image Classification Models and Saliency Mapscited by 2,348
  4. 2016EEGNet: A Compact Convolutional Network for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfacescited by 616
  5. 2016Identifying Stable Patterns over Time for Emotion Recognition from EEGcited by 42
  6. 2017Spatial-Temporal Recurrent Neural Network for Emotion Recognitioncited by 37
  7. 2020TSception: A Deep Learning Framework for Emotion Detection Using EEGcited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 6; 2024: 8; 2025: 15; 2026: 18.

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  1. 2024CBraMod: A Criss-Cross Brain Foundation Model for EEG Decodingcited by 188
  2. 2021Transformer-based Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning for EEG Decodingcited by 92
  3. 2024EEG-Deformer: A Dense Convolutional Transformer for Brain-computer Interfacescited by 25
  4. 2024EmT: A Novel Transformer for Generalized Cross-subject EEG Emotion Recognitioncited by 23
  5. 2023Interpretable and Robust AI in EEG Systems: A Surveycited by 10
  6. 2023MASA-TCN: Multi-anchor Space-aware Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks for Continuous and Discrete EEG Emotion Recognitioncited by 9
  7. 2024LibEER: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Algorithm Library for EEG-based Emotion Recognitioncited by 8
  8. 2026DeeperBrain: A Neuro-Grounded EEG Foundation Model Towards Universal BCIcited by 7
  9. 2023Temporal Aware Mixed Attention-based Convolution and Transformer Network (MACTN) for EEG Emotion Recognitioncited by 4
  10. 2025MSGM: A Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Graph Mamba for EEG Emotion Recognitioncited by 4
  11. 2022ConTraNet: A single end-to-end hybrid network for EEG-based and EMG-based human machine interfacescited by 3
  12. 2024BrainGPT: Unleashing the Potential of EEG Generalist Foundation Model by Autoregressive Pre-trainingcited by 3
38 more
  1. 2025PhysioSync: Temporal and Cross-Modal Contrastive Learning Inspired by Physiological Synchronization for EEG-Based Emotion Recognitioncited by 3
  2. 2023LMDA-Net:A lightweight multi-dimensional attention network for general EEG-based brain-computer interface paradigms and interpretabilitycited by 2
  3. 2025Interpretable Dual-Filter Fuzzy Neural Networks for Affective Brain-Computer Interfacescited by 2
  4. 2025Decoding Covert Speech from EEG Using a Functional Areas Spatio-Temporal Transformercited by 2
  5. 2025Evaluation in EEG Emotion Recognition: State-of-the-Art Review and Unified Frameworkcited by 2
  6. 2025LEAF: Language-EEG Aligned Foundation Model for Brain-Computer Interfacescited by 2
  7. 2026HEEGNet: Hyperbolic Embeddings for EEGcited by 2
  8. 2023Emotion recognition based on multi-modal electrophysiology multi-head attention Contrastive Learningcited by 1
  9. 2024Adaptive Modality Balanced Online Knowledge Distillation for Brain-Eye-Computer based Dim Object Detectioncited by 1
  10. 2025Spatial-Temporal Transformer with Curriculum Learning for EEG-Based Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
  11. 2025BrainPro: Towards Large-scale Brain State-aware EEG Representation Learningcited by 1
  12. 2025Modified TSception for Analyzing Driver Drowsiness and Mental Workload from EEGcited by 1
  13. 2026NAKUL-Med: Spectral-Graph State Space Models with Dynamics Kernels for Medical Signalscited by 1
  14. 2022Rethinking Saliency Map: An Context-aware Perturbation Method to Explain EEG-based Deep Learning Modelcited by 0
  15. 2023A Lightweight Domain Adversarial Neural Network Based on Knowledge Distillation for EEG-based Cross-subject Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  16. 2024Wearable Device-Based Real-Time Monitoring of Physiological Signals: Evaluating Cognitive Load Across Different Taskscited by 0
  17. 2024LDGCN: An Edge-End Lightweight Dual GCN Based on Single-Channel EEG for Driver Drowsiness Monitoringcited by 0
  18. 2025Protecting Intellectual Property of EEG-based Neural Networks with Watermarkingcited by 0
  19. 2025EEG2GAIT: A Hierarchical Graph Convolutional Network for EEG-based Gait Decodingcited by 0
  20. 2025Consumer-friendly EEG-based Emotion Recognition System: A Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network Approachcited by 0
  21. 2025The Role of Review Process Failures in Affective State Estimation: An Empirical Investigation of DEAP Datasetcited by 0
  22. 2025DLGE: Dual Local-Global Encoding for Generalizable Cross-BCI-Paradigmcited by 0
  23. 2025EEG-based Graph-guided Domain Adaptation for Robust Cross-Session Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  24. 2026Region-aware Spatiotemporal Modeling with Collaborative Domain Generalization for Cross-Subject EEG Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  25. 2026Three-Way Emotion Classification of EEG-based Signals using Machine Learningcited by 0
  26. 2026EEG-Driven Intention Decoding: Offline Deep Learning Benchmarking on a Robotic Rovercited by 0
  27. 2026Group Resonance Network: Learnable Prototypes and Multi-Subject Resonance for EEG Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  28. 2026LI-DSN: A Layer-wise Interactive Dual-Stream Network for EEG Decodingcited by 0
  29. 2026DLink: Distilling Layer-wise and Dominant Knowledge from EEG Foundation Modelscited by 0
  30. 2026Mind2Drive: Predicting Driver Intentions from EEG in Real-world On-Road Drivingcited by 0
  31. 2026Foundation Model Guided Dual-Branch Co-Adaptation for Source-Free EEG Decodingcited by 0
  32. 2026EvoBrain: Continual Learning of EEG Foundation Models Across Heterogeneous BCI Taskscited by 0
  33. 2026RECTOR: Masked Region-Channel-Temporal Modeling for Affective and Cognitive Representation Learningcited by 0
  34. 2026EEG-PRIME: Prototype-Aligned Representation Learning with Multi-Level Conditioning for EEG Decodingcited by 0
  35. 2026Beyond Flattened Tokens: Structure-Preserving EEG Decoding with Reusable TriDim Blockscited by 0
  36. 2026Graph Learning for Cross-Subject, Cross-Population EEG Emotion Decoding and Model-Derived Spatial-Spectral Neural Signaturescited by 0
  37. 2026Adaptive Forgetting for Nonstationary Optimization: Towards Robust EEG Decodingcited by 0
  38. 2026AutoBCI: Forecast-Guided Agentic Neural Architecture Discovery for EEG-Based Brain--Computer Interfacescited by 0