Expressive Text-to-Speech using Style Tag
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Abstract (arXiv)
As recent text-to-speech (TTS) systems have been rapidly improved in speech quality and generation speed, many researchers now focus on a more challenging issue: expressive TTS. To control speaking styles, existing expressive TTS models use categorical style index or reference speech as style input. In this work, we propose StyleTagging-TTS (ST-TTS), a novel expressive TTS model that utilizes a style tag written in natural language. Using a style-tagged TTS dataset and a pre-trained language model, we modeled the relationship between linguistic embedding and speaking style domain, which enables our model to work even with style tags unseen during training. As style tag is written in natural language, it can control speaking style in a more intuitive, interpretable, and scalable way compared with style index or reference speech. In addition, in terms of model architecture, we propose an efficient non-autoregressive (NAR) TTS architecture with single-stage training. The experimental result shows that ST-TTS outperforms the existing expressive TTS model, Tacotron2-GST in speech quality and expressiveness.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2021.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 5; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
20 papers.
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- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
- 2022EmoDiff: Intensity Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speech with Soft-Label Guidancecited by 37
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2023VoiceLDM: Text-to-Speech with Environmental Contextcited by 23
- 2024Towards Controllable Speech Synthesis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Systematic Surveycited by 22
- 2022Controllable Data Generation by Deep Learning: A Reviewcited by 20
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systemscited by 14
- 2022Transfer Learning Framework for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech using a Large-Scale Unlabeled Speech Corpuscited by 10
- 2022Self-supervised Context-aware Style Representation for Expressive Speech Synthesiscited by 10
- 2024Controlling Emotion in Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Promptscited by 8
- 2023ADAPTERMIX: Exploring the Efficacy of Mixture of Adapters for Low-Resource TTS Adaptationcited by 7
- 2022Text-driven Emotional Style Control and Cross-speaker Style Transfer in Neural TTScited by 6
8 more
- 2024DEX-TTS: Diffusion-based EXpressive Text-to-Speech with Style Modeling on Time Variabilitycited by 5
- 2026ReStyle-TTS: Relative and Continuous Style Control for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesiscited by 5
- 2024Exploring speech style spaces with language models: Emotional TTS without emotion labelscited by 4
- 2025Prompt-Unseen-Emotion: Zero-shot Expressive Speech Synthesis with Prompt-LLM Contextual Knowledge for Mixed Emotionscited by 4
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speechcited by 2
- 2023Expressive TTS Driven by Natural Language Prompts Using Few Human Annotationscited by 1
- 2025HiStyle: Hierarchical Style Embedding Predictor for Text-Prompt-Guided Controllable Speech Synthesiscited by 1
- 2024PRESENT: Zero-Shot Text-to-Prosody Controlcited by 0
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speech31 May 2026
- 2026ReStyle-TTS: Relative and Continuous Style Control for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis7 Jan 2026
- 2025HiStyle: Hierarchical Style Embedding Predictor for Text-Prompt-Guided Controllable Speech Synthesis30 Sep 2025
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systems19 Jun 2025
- 2025Prompt-Unseen-Emotion: Zero-shot Expressive Speech Synthesis with Prompt-LLM Contextual Knowledge for Mixed Emotions3 Jun 2025
- 2024Towards Controllable Speech Synthesis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey9 Dec 2024
- 2024PRESENT: Zero-Shot Text-to-Prosody Control13 Aug 2024
- 2024DEX-TTS: Diffusion-based EXpressive Text-to-Speech with Style Modeling on Time Variability27 Jun 2024
- 2024Controlling Emotion in Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Prompts10 Jun 2024
- 2024Exploring speech style spaces with language models: Emotional TTS without emotion labels18 May 2024
- 2023Expressive TTS Driven by Natural Language Prompts Using Few Human Annotations2 Nov 2023
- 2023VoiceLDM: Text-to-Speech with Environmental Context24 Sep 2023
8 more
- 2023ADAPTERMIX: Exploring the Efficacy of Mixture of Adapters for Low-Resource TTS Adaptation29 May 2023
- 2022EmoDiff: Intensity Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speech with Soft-Label Guidance17 Nov 2022
- 2022Controllable Data Generation by Deep Learning: A Review19 Jul 2022
- 2022Text-driven Emotional Style Control and Cross-speaker Style Transfer in Neural TTS13 Jul 2022
- 2022Self-supervised Context-aware Style Representation for Expressive Speech Synthesis25 Jun 2022
- 2022Transfer Learning Framework for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech using a Large-Scale Unlabeled Speech Corpus29 Mar 2022
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representations14 Nov 2021
- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesis29 Jun 2021
- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
- 2022EmoDiff: Intensity Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speech with Soft-Label Guidancecited by 37
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2023VoiceLDM: Text-to-Speech with Environmental Contextcited by 23
- 2024Towards Controllable Speech Synthesis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Systematic Surveycited by 22
- 2022Controllable Data Generation by Deep Learning: A Reviewcited by 20
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systemscited by 14
- 2022Transfer Learning Framework for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech using a Large-Scale Unlabeled Speech Corpuscited by 10
- 2022Self-supervised Context-aware Style Representation for Expressive Speech Synthesiscited by 10
- 2024Controlling Emotion in Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Promptscited by 8
- 2023ADAPTERMIX: Exploring the Efficacy of Mixture of Adapters for Low-Resource TTS Adaptationcited by 7
- 2022Text-driven Emotional Style Control and Cross-speaker Style Transfer in Neural TTScited by 6
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speech31 May 2026
- 2026ReStyle-TTS: Relative and Continuous Style Control for Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis7 Jan 2026
- 2025HiStyle: Hierarchical Style Embedding Predictor for Text-Prompt-Guided Controllable Speech Synthesis30 Sep 2025
- 2025InstructTTSEval: Benchmarking Complex Natural-Language Instruction Following in Text-to-Speech Systems19 Jun 2025
- 2025Prompt-Unseen-Emotion: Zero-shot Expressive Speech Synthesis with Prompt-LLM Contextual Knowledge for Mixed Emotions3 Jun 2025
- 2024Towards Controllable Speech Synthesis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey9 Dec 2024
- 2024PRESENT: Zero-Shot Text-to-Prosody Control13 Aug 2024
- 2024DEX-TTS: Diffusion-based EXpressive Text-to-Speech with Style Modeling on Time Variability27 Jun 2024
- 2024Controlling Emotion in Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Prompts10 Jun 2024
- 2024Exploring speech style spaces with language models: Emotional TTS without emotion labels18 May 2024
- 2023Expressive TTS Driven by Natural Language Prompts Using Few Human Annotations2 Nov 2023
- 2023VoiceLDM: Text-to-Speech with Environmental Context24 Sep 2023
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)