BERTa'u: Ita'u BERT for digital customer service
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the last few years, three major topics received increased interest: deep learning, NLP and conversational agents. Bringing these three topics together to create an amazing digital customer experience and indeed deploy in production and solve real-world problems is something innovative and disruptive. We introduce a new Portuguese financial domain language representation model called BERTa'u. BERTa'u is an uncased BERT-base trained from scratch with data from the Ita'u virtual assistant chatbot solution. Our novel contribution is that BERTa'u pretrained language model requires less data, reached state-of-the-art performance in three NLP tasks, and generates a smaller and lighter model that makes the deployment feasible. We developed three tasks to validate our model: information retrieval with Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) from Ita'u bank, sentiment analysis from our virtual assistant data, and a NER solution. All proposed tasks are real-world solutions in production on our environment and the usage of a specialist model proved to be effective when compared to Google BERT multilingual and the DPRQuestionEncoder from Facebook, available at Hugging Face. The BERTa'u improves the performance in 22% of FAQ Retrieval MRR metric, 2.1% in Sentiment Analysis F1 score, 4.4% in NER F1 score and can also represent the same sequence in up to 66% fewer tokens when compared to "shelf models".
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2021.
Builds on
14 of 34 references.
References · 14
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,451
- 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,854
- 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,115
- 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
- 2017Billion-scale similarity search with GPUscited by 2,477
- 2018XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representationscited by 913
- 2020Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual using Knowledge Distillationcited by 591
- 2017Regularizing Neural Networks by Penalizing Confident Output Distributionscited by 461
- 2019FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 378
- 2020Pretrained Transformers for Text Ranking: BERT and Beyondcited by 266
- 2020Challenges in Deploying Machine Learning: a Survey of Case Studiescited by 151
2 more
- 2019Portuguese Named Entity Recognition using BERT-CRFcited by 73
- 2019BERTSel: Answer Selection with Pre-trained Modelscited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 0; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2023Cabrita: closing the gap for foreign languagescited by 25
- 2024Tucano: Advancing Neural Text Generation for Portuguesecited by 12
- 2024ptt5-v2: A Closer Look at Continued Pretraining of T5 Models for the Portuguese Languagecited by 8
- 2022TaDaa: real time Ticket Assignment Deep learning Auto Advisor for customer support, help desk, and issue ticketing systemscited by 7
- 2022BERT for Sentiment Analysis: Pre-trained and Fine-Tuned Alternativescited by 1
- 2024Scaling Laws for Discriminative Classification in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026NorBERTo: A ModernBERT Model Trained for Portuguese with 331 Billion Tokens Corpuscited by 1
- 2021Augmenting Customer Support with an NLP-based Receptionistcited by 0
- 2023Portuguese FAQ for Financial Servicescited by 0
- 2026Raising Bars, Not Parameters: LilMoo Compact Language Model for Hindicited by 0
- 2026Language Models for Portuguese: A Systematic Mapping Studycited by 0
- 2026Language Models for Portuguese: A Systematic Mapping Study3 Aug 2026
- 2026NorBERTo: A ModernBERT Model Trained for Portuguese with 331 Billion Tokens Corpus30 Apr 2026
- 2026Raising Bars, Not Parameters: LilMoo Compact Language Model for Hindi3 Mar 2026
- 2024Tucano: Advancing Neural Text Generation for Portuguese12 Nov 2024
- 2024ptt5-v2: A Closer Look at Continued Pretraining of T5 Models for the Portuguese Language16 Jun 2024
- 2024Scaling Laws for Discriminative Classification in Large Language Models24 May 2024
- 2023Portuguese FAQ for Financial Services19 Nov 2023
- 2023Cabrita: closing the gap for foreign languages23 Aug 2023
- 2022TaDaa: real time Ticket Assignment Deep learning Auto Advisor for customer support, help desk, and issue ticketing systems18 Jul 2022
- 2022BERT for Sentiment Analysis: Pre-trained and Fine-Tuned Alternatives10 Jan 2022
- 2021Augmenting Customer Support with an NLP-based Receptionist3 Dec 2021