mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BERTa'u: Ita'u BERT for digital customer service

arXiv 2101.12015 ↗First posted 28 Jan 2021cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

In the last few years, three major topics received increased interest: deep learning, NLP and conversational agents. Bringing these three topics together to create an amazing digital customer experience and indeed deploy in production and solve real-world problems is something innovative and disruptive. We introduce a new Portuguese financial domain language representation model called BERTa'u. BERTa'u is an uncased BERT-base trained from scratch with data from the Ita'u virtual assistant chatbot solution. Our novel contribution is that BERTa'u pretrained language model requires less data, reached state-of-the-art performance in three NLP tasks, and generates a smaller and lighter model that makes the deployment feasible. We developed three tasks to validate our model: information retrieval with Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) from Ita'u bank, sentiment analysis from our virtual assistant data, and a NER solution. All proposed tasks are real-world solutions in production on our environment and the usage of a specialist model proved to be effective when compared to Google BERT multilingual and the DPRQuestionEncoder from Facebook, available at Hugging Face. The BERTa'u improves the performance in 22% of FAQ Retrieval MRR metric, 2.1% in Sentiment Analysis F1 score, 4.4% in NER F1 score and can also represent the same sequence in up to 66% fewer tokens when compared to "shelf models".

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2021.

Builds on

14 of 34 references.

References · 14

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,451
  3. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,854
  4. 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,115
  5. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
  6. 2017Billion-scale similarity search with GPUscited by 2,477
  7. 2018XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representationscited by 913
  8. 2020Making Monolingual Sentence Embeddings Multilingual using Knowledge Distillationcited by 591
  9. 2017Regularizing Neural Networks by Penalizing Confident Output Distributionscited by 461
  10. 2019FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 378
  11. 2020Pretrained Transformers for Text Ranking: BERT and Beyondcited by 266
  12. 2020Challenges in Deploying Machine Learning: a Survey of Case Studiescited by 151
2 more
  1. 2019Portuguese Named Entity Recognition using BERT-CRFcited by 73
  2. 2019BERTSel: Answer Selection with Pre-trained Modelscited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 0; 2026: 3.

11 papers.