BERT Transformer model for Detecting Arabic GPT2 Auto-Generated Tweets
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Abstract (arXiv)
During the last two decades, we have progressively turned to the Internet and social media to find news, entertain conversations and share opinion. Recently, OpenAI has developed a ma-chine learning system called GPT-2 for Generative Pre-trained Transformer-2, which can pro-duce deepfake texts. It can generate blocks of text based on brief writing prompts that look like they were written by humans, facilitating the spread false or auto-generated text. In line with this progress, and in order to counteract potential dangers, several methods have been pro-posed for detecting text written by these language models. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning based model that will be able to detect if an Arabic sentence is written by humans or automatically generated by bots. Our dataset is based on tweets from a previous work, which we have crawled and extended using the Twitter API. We used GPT2-Small-Arabic to generate fake Arabic Sentences. For evaluation, we compared different recurrent neural network (RNN) word embeddings based baseline models, namely: LSTM, BI-LSTM, GRU and BI-GRU, with a transformer-based model. Our new transfer-learning model has obtained an accuracy up to 98%. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first study where ARABERT and GPT2 were combined to detect and classify the Arabic auto-generated texts.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jan 2021.
Builds on
9 of 19 references.
References · 9
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- 2018Deep Neural Networks for Bot Detectioncited by 37
- 2020Twitter Bot Detection Using Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory Neural Networks and Word Embeddingscited by 25
- 2017Seminar Users in the Arabic Twitter Spherecited by 5
- 2019Instagram Fake and Automated Account Detectioncited by 3
- 2019Using Deep Networks and Transfer Learning to Address Disinformationcited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 0; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025Seq vs Seq: An Open Suite of Paired Encoders and Decoderscited by 34
- 2022Data Augmentation using Transformers and Similarity Measures for Improving Arabic Text Classificationcited by 3
- 2025ALHD: A Large-Scale and Multigenre Benchmark Dataset for Arabic LLM-Generated Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2026CASPER in the Machine: Insights into Character Variety in LLM-Generated Storiescited by 0
- 2026CASPER in the Machine: Insights into Character Variety in LLM-Generated Stories21 Jun 2026
- 2025ALHD: A Large-Scale and Multigenre Benchmark Dataset for Arabic LLM-Generated Text Detection3 Oct 2025
- 2025Seq vs Seq: An Open Suite of Paired Encoders and Decoders15 Jul 2025
- 2022Data Augmentation using Transformers and Similarity Measures for Improving Arabic Text Classification28 Dec 2022