Uncertainty and Surprisal Jointly Deliver the Punchline: Exploiting Incongruity-Based Features for Humor Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Humor recognition has been widely studied as a text classification problem using data-driven approaches. However, most existing work does not examine the actual joke mechanism to understand humor. We break down any joke into two distinct components: the set-up and the punchline, and further explore the special relationship between them. Inspired by the incongruity theory of humor, we model the set-up as the part developing semantic uncertainty, and the punchline disrupting audience expectations. With increasingly powerful language models, we were able to feed the set-up along with the punchline into the GPT-2 language model, and calculate the uncertainty and surprisal values of the jokes. By conducting experiments on the SemEval 2021 Task 7 dataset, we found that these two features have better capabilities of telling jokes from non-jokes, compared with existing baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
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- 2024Creativity in AI: Progresses and Challengescited by 7
- 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classificationcited by 6
- 2022When to Laugh and How Hard? A Multimodal Approach to Detecting Humor and its Intensitycited by 5
- 2024PunchBench: Benchmarking MLLMs in Multimodal Punchline Comprehensioncited by 5
- 2023Mining Effective Features Using Quantum Entropy for Humor Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024Comment-aided Video-Language Alignment via Contrastive Pre-training for Short-form Video Humor Detectioncited by 4
- 2026On the Wings of Imagination: Conflicting Script-based Multi-role Framework for Humor Caption Generationcited by 3
- 2025Commonality and Individuality! Integrating Humor Commonality with Speaker Individuality for Humor Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025Identifying the Periodicity of Information in Natural Languagecited by 2
- 2022This joke is [MASK]: Recognizing Humor and Offense with Promptingcited by 1
- 2025Engagement Undermines Safety: How Stereotypes and Toxicity Shape Humor in Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026RAGthoven at SemEval-2026 Task 1: A Multi-Stage Pipeline Walks Into a Benchmark and Barely Clears the Barcited by 0
- 2026IROH: Insightful Ranking Of Humor using Multi-Stage Hybrid Retrieval with Rationale-Distilled LLM Judges for JOKER 2026 Track Task 1 English14 Sep 2026
- 2026RAGthoven at SemEval-2026 Task 1: A Multi-Stage Pipeline Walks Into a Benchmark and Barely Clears the Bar14 Jul 2026
- 2026On the Wings of Imagination: Conflicting Script-based Multi-role Framework for Humor Caption Generation6 Feb 2026
- 2025Identifying the Periodicity of Information in Natural Language31 Oct 2025
- 2025Engagement Undermines Safety: How Stereotypes and Toxicity Shape Humor in Language Models21 Oct 2025
- 2025Commonality and Individuality! Integrating Humor Commonality with Speaker Individuality for Humor Recognition7 Feb 2025
- 2024PunchBench: Benchmarking MLLMs in Multimodal Punchline Comprehension16 Dec 2024
- 2024Creativity in AI: Progresses and Challenges22 Oct 2024
- 2024Comment-aided Video-Language Alignment via Contrastive Pre-training for Short-form Video Humor Detection14 Feb 2024
- 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classification30 Jan 2024
- 2023Mining Effective Features Using Quantum Entropy for Humor Recognition7 Feb 2023
- 2022When to Laugh and How Hard? A Multimodal Approach to Detecting Humor and its Intensity3 Nov 2022
1 more
- 2024Creativity in AI: Progresses and Challengescited by 7
- 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classificationcited by 6
- 2022When to Laugh and How Hard? A Multimodal Approach to Detecting Humor and its Intensitycited by 5
- 2024PunchBench: Benchmarking MLLMs in Multimodal Punchline Comprehensioncited by 5
- 2023Mining Effective Features Using Quantum Entropy for Humor Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024Comment-aided Video-Language Alignment via Contrastive Pre-training for Short-form Video Humor Detectioncited by 4
- 2026On the Wings of Imagination: Conflicting Script-based Multi-role Framework for Humor Caption Generationcited by 3
- 2025Commonality and Individuality! Integrating Humor Commonality with Speaker Individuality for Humor Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025Identifying the Periodicity of Information in Natural Languagecited by 2
- 2022This joke is [MASK]: Recognizing Humor and Offense with Promptingcited by 1
- 2026IROH: Insightful Ranking Of Humor using Multi-Stage Hybrid Retrieval with Rationale-Distilled LLM Judges for JOKER 2026 Track Task 1 Englishcited by 0
- 2026IROH: Insightful Ranking Of Humor using Multi-Stage Hybrid Retrieval with Rationale-Distilled LLM Judges for JOKER 2026 Track Task 1 English14 Sep 2026
- 2026On the Wings of Imagination: Conflicting Script-based Multi-role Framework for Humor Caption Generation6 Feb 2026
- 2025Identifying the Periodicity of Information in Natural Language31 Oct 2025
- 2025Commonality and Individuality! Integrating Humor Commonality with Speaker Individuality for Humor Recognition7 Feb 2025
- 2024PunchBench: Benchmarking MLLMs in Multimodal Punchline Comprehension16 Dec 2024
- 2024Creativity in AI: Progresses and Challenges22 Oct 2024
- 2024Comment-aided Video-Language Alignment via Contrastive Pre-training for Short-form Video Humor Detection14 Feb 2024
- 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classification30 Jan 2024
- 2023Mining Effective Features Using Quantum Entropy for Humor Recognition7 Feb 2023
- 2022When to Laugh and How Hard? A Multimodal Approach to Detecting Humor and its Intensity3 Nov 2022
- 2022This joke is [MASK]: Recognizing Humor and Offense with Prompting25 Oct 2022