Hateful Memes Detection via Complementary Visual and Linguistic Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Hateful memes are widespread in social media and convey negative information. The main challenge of hateful memes detection is that the expressive meaning can not be well recognized by a single modality. In order to further integrate modal information, we investigate a candidate solution based on complementary visual and linguistic network in Hateful Memes Challenge 2020. In this way, more comprehensive information of the multi-modality could be explored in detail. Both contextual-level and sensitive object-level information are considered in visual and linguistic embedding to formulate the complex multi-modal scenarios. Specifically, a pre-trained classifier and object detector are utilized to obtain the contextual features and region-of-interests (RoIs) from the input, followed by the position representation fusion for visual embedding. While linguistic embedding is composed of three components, i.e., the sentence words embedding, position embedding and the corresponding Spacy embedding (Sembedding), which is a symbol represented by vocabulary extracted by Spacy. Both visual and linguistic embedding are fed into the designed Complementary Visual and Linguistic (CVL) networks to produce the prediction for hateful memes. Experimental results on Hateful Memes Challenge Dataset demonstrate that CVL provides a decent performance, and produces 78:48% and 72:95% on the criteria of AUROC and Accuracy. Code is available at https://github.com/webYFDT/hateful.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 0; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
7 papers.
- 2023Prompting for Multimodal Hateful Meme Classificationcited by 68
- 2021Disentangling Hate in Online Memescited by 46
- 2023Decoding the Underlying Meaning of Multimodal Hateful Memescited by 38
- 2021Detecting Harmful Content On Online Platforms: What Platforms Need Vs. Where Research Efforts Gocited by 32
- 2024Toxic Memes: A Survey of Computational Perspectives on the Detection and Explanation of Meme Toxicitiescited by 13
- 2025MM-HSD: Multi-Modal Hate Speech Detection in Videoscited by 5
- 2025Unpacking Hateful Memes: Presupposed Context and False Claimscited by 0
- 2025Unpacking Hateful Memes: Presupposed Context and False Claims11 Oct 2025
- 2025MM-HSD: Multi-Modal Hate Speech Detection in Videos28 Aug 2025
- 2024Toxic Memes: A Survey of Computational Perspectives on the Detection and Explanation of Meme Toxicities11 Jun 2024
- 2023Decoding the Underlying Meaning of Multimodal Hateful Memes28 May 2023
- 2023Prompting for Multimodal Hateful Meme Classification8 Feb 2023
- 2021Disentangling Hate in Online Memes9 Aug 2021
- 2021Detecting Harmful Content On Online Platforms: What Platforms Need Vs. Where Research Efforts Go27 Feb 2021