CRaDLe: Deep Code Retrieval Based on Semantic Dependency Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Code retrieval is a common practice for programmers to reuse existing code snippets in open-source repositories. Given a user query (i.e., a natural language description), code retrieval aims at searching for the most relevant ones from a set of code snippets. The main challenge of effective code retrieval lies in mitigating the semantic gap between natural language descriptions and code snippets. With the ever-increasing amount of available open-source code, recent studies resort to neural networks to learn the semantic matching relationships between the two sources. The statement-level dependency information, which highlights the dependency relations among the program statements during the execution, reflects the structural importance of one statement in the code, which is favorable for accurately capturing the code semantics but has never been explored for the code retrieval task. In this paper, we propose CRaDLe, a novel approach for Code Retrieval based on statement-level semantic Dependency Learning. Specifically, CRaDLe distills code representations through fusing both the dependency and semantic information at the statement level and then learns a unified vector representation for each code and description pair for modeling the matching relationship. Comprehensive experiments and analysis on real-world datasets show that the proposed approach can accurately retrieve code snippets for a given query and significantly outperform the state-of-the-art approaches to the task.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 6; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 3.
12 papers.
- 2022No More Fine-Tuning? An Experimental Evaluation of Prompt Tuning in Code Intelligencecited by 41
- 2021Code Structure Guided Transformer for Source Code Summarizationcited by 30
- 2022CoCoSoDa: Effective Contrastive Learning for Code Searchcited by 22
- 2022CodeQueries: A Dataset of Semantic Queries over Codecited by 11
- 2022Accelerating Code Search with Deep Hashing and Code Classificationcited by 10
- 2023Abstract Syntax Tree for Programming Language Understanding and Representation: How Far Are We?cited by 5
- 2025SPENCER: Self-Adaptive Model Distillation for Efficient Code Retrievalcited by 5
- 2025Functional Consistency of LLM Code Embeddings: A Self-Evolving Data Synthesis Framework for Benchmarkingcited by 4
- 2021deGraphCS: Embedding Variable-based Flow Graph for Neural Code Searchcited by 3
- 2022NS3: Neuro-Symbolic Semantic Code Searchcited by 3
- 2022NeuDep: Neural Binary Memory Dependence Analysiscited by 3
- 2025RETROcode: Leveraging a Code Database for Improved Natural Language to Code Generationcited by 0
- 2025Functional Consistency of LLM Code Embeddings: A Self-Evolving Data Synthesis Framework for Benchmarking27 Aug 2025
- 2025SPENCER: Self-Adaptive Model Distillation for Efficient Code Retrieval1 Aug 2025
- 2025RETROcode: Leveraging a Code Database for Improved Natural Language to Code Generation8 Apr 2025
- 2023Abstract Syntax Tree for Programming Language Understanding and Representation: How Far Are We?1 Dec 2023
- 2022NeuDep: Neural Binary Memory Dependence Analysis4 Oct 2022
- 2022CodeQueries: A Dataset of Semantic Queries over Code17 Sep 2022
- 2022No More Fine-Tuning? An Experimental Evaluation of Prompt Tuning in Code Intelligence24 Jul 2022
- 2022NS3: Neuro-Symbolic Semantic Code Search21 May 2022
- 2022CoCoSoDa: Effective Contrastive Learning for Code Search7 Apr 2022
- 2022Accelerating Code Search with Deep Hashing and Code Classification29 Mar 2022
- 2021Code Structure Guided Transformer for Source Code Summarization19 Apr 2021
- 2021deGraphCS: Embedding Variable-based Flow Graph for Neural Code Search24 Mar 2021