Towards Label-Agnostic Emotion Embeddings
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Abstract (arXiv)
Research in emotion analysis is scattered across different label formats (e.g., polarity types, basic emotion categories, and affective dimensions), linguistic levels (word vs. sentence vs. discourse), and, of course, (few well-resourced but much more under-resourced) natural languages and text genres (e.g., product reviews, tweets, news). The resulting heterogeneity makes data and software developed under these conflicting constraints hard to compare and challenging to integrate. To resolve this unsatisfactory state of affairs we here propose a training scheme that learns a shared latent representation of emotion independent from different label formats, natural languages, and even disparate model architectures. Experiments on a wide range of datasets indicate that this approach yields the desired interoperability without penalizing prediction quality. Code and data are archived under DOI 10.5281/zenodo.5466068.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
9 papers.
- 2022Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Predictioncited by 45
- 2025Emotions Where Art Thou: Understanding and Characterizing the Emotional Latent Space of Large Language Modelscited by 14
- 2022Natural Language Inference Prompts for Zero-shot Emotion Classification in Text across Corporacited by 13
- 2023StockEmotions: Discover Investor Emotions for Financial Sentiment Analysis and Multivariate Time Seriescited by 9
- 2023Where are We in Event-centric Emotion Analysis? Bridging Emotion Role Labeling and Appraisal-based Approachescited by 7
- 2024Improving Language Models for Emotion Analysis: Insights from Cognitive Sciencecited by 4
- 2025Contrastive Distillation of Emotion Knowledge from LLMs for Zero-Shot Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026CEI: A Benchmark for Evaluating Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026A Comparative Study on Affective Cues in Text Embeddings Across Psychological Emotion Theoriescited by 0
- 2026A Comparative Study on Affective Cues in Text Embeddings Across Psychological Emotion Theories27 Jun 2026
- 2026CEI: A Benchmark for Evaluating Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Models14 Feb 2026
- 2025Emotions Where Art Thou: Understanding and Characterizing the Emotional Latent Space of Large Language Models24 Oct 2025
- 2025Contrastive Distillation of Emotion Knowledge from LLMs for Zero-Shot Emotion Recognition23 May 2025
- 2024Improving Language Models for Emotion Analysis: Insights from Cognitive Science11 Jun 2024
- 2023Where are We in Event-centric Emotion Analysis? Bridging Emotion Role Labeling and Appraisal-based Approaches5 Sep 2023
- 2023StockEmotions: Discover Investor Emotions for Financial Sentiment Analysis and Multivariate Time Series23 Jan 2023
- 2022Natural Language Inference Prompts for Zero-shot Emotion Classification in Text across Corpora14 Sep 2022
- 2022Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Prediction10 Jun 2022