Replacing Human Audio with Synthetic Audio for On-device Unspoken Punctuation Prediction
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a novel multi-modal unspoken punctuation prediction system for the English language which combines acoustic and text features. We demonstrate for the first time, that by relying exclusively on synthetic data generated using a prosody-aware text-to-speech system, we can outperform a model trained with expensive human audio recordings on the unspoken punctuation prediction problem. Our model architecture is well suited for on-device use. This is achieved by leveraging hash-based embeddings of automatic speech recognition text output in conjunction with acoustic features as input to a quasi-recurrent neural network, keeping the model size small and latency low.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 4; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
8 papers.
- 2021Capitalization and Punctuation Restoration: a Surveycited by 12
- 2022Cross-Modal ASR Post-Processing System for Error Correction and Utterance Rejectioncited by 6
- 2022Unified Multimodal Punctuation Restoration Framework for Mixed-Modality Corpuscited by 5
- 2022Correcting Mispronunciations in Speech using Spectrogram Inpaintingcited by 1
- 2022Improved Long-Form Spoken Language Translation with Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2023Exploring the Viability of Synthetic Audio Data for Audio-Based Dialogue State Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Contrastive Learning from Synthetic Audio Doppelg"angerscited by 1
- 2025Overcoming Latency Bottlenecks in On-Device Speech Translation: A Cascaded Approach with Alignment-Based Streaming MTcited by 0
- 2025Overcoming Latency Bottlenecks in On-Device Speech Translation: A Cascaded Approach with Alignment-Based Streaming MT18 Aug 2025
- 2024Contrastive Learning from Synthetic Audio Doppelg"angers9 Jun 2024
- 2023Exploring the Viability of Synthetic Audio Data for Audio-Based Dialogue State Tracking4 Dec 2023
- 2022Improved Long-Form Spoken Language Translation with Large Language Models19 Dec 2022
- 2022Correcting Mispronunciations in Speech using Spectrogram Inpainting7 Apr 2022
- 2022Unified Multimodal Punctuation Restoration Framework for Mixed-Modality Corpus24 Jan 2022
- 2022Cross-Modal ASR Post-Processing System for Error Correction and Utterance Rejection10 Jan 2022
- 2021Capitalization and Punctuation Restoration: a Survey21 Nov 2021