Graph signal processing for machine learning: A review and new perspectives
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Abstract (arXiv)
The effective representation, processing, analysis, and visualization of large-scale structured data, especially those related to complex domains such as networks and graphs, are one of the key questions in modern machine learning. Graph signal processing (GSP), a vibrant branch of signal processing models and algorithms that aims at handling data supported on graphs, opens new paths of research to address this challenge. In this article, we review a few important contributions made by GSP concepts and tools, such as graph filters and transforms, to the development of novel machine learning algorithms. In particular, our discussion focuses on the following three aspects: exploiting data structure and relational priors, improving data and computational efficiency, and enhancing model interpretability. Furthermore, we provide new perspectives on future development of GSP techniques that may serve as a bridge between applied mathematics and signal processing on one side, and machine learning and network science on the other. Cross-fertilization across these different disciplines may help unlock the numerous challenges of complex data analysis in the modern age.
Key facts. Cited by 73 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Jul 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 10; 2023: 18; 2024: 18; 2025: 13; 2026: 5.
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- 2023Specformer: Spectral Graph Neural Networks Meet Transformerscited by 102
- 2021Breaking the Limit of Graph Neural Networks by Improving the Assortativity of Graphs with Local Mixing Patternscited by 95
- 2022Graph Filters for Signal Processing and Machine Learning on Graphscited by 53
- 2021How Powerful is Graph Convolution for Recommendation?cited by 50
- 2021Interpretable Stability Bounds for Spectral Graph Filterscited by 28
- 2023A Survey on Spectral Graph Neural Networkscited by 26
- 2021Graph Structural Attack by Perturbing Spectral Distancecited by 16
- 2023Combinatorial Complexes: Bridging the Gap Between Cell Complexes and Hypergraphscited by 15
- 2021Modeling Ideological Salience and Framing in Polarized Online Groups with Graph Neural Networks and Structured Sparsitycited by 9
- 2023On Manipulating Signals of User-Item Graph: A Jacobi Polynomial-based Graph Collaborative Filteringcited by 9
- 2023Fairness-Aware Graph Filter Designcited by 8
- 2024Redesigning graph filter-based GNNs to relax the homophily assumptioncited by 8
38 more
- 2023Bures-Wasserstein Means of Graphscited by 6
- 2024Convolutional Learning on Directed Acyclic Graphscited by 6
- 2024A Comprehensive Benchmark on Spectral GNNs: The Impact on Efficiency, Memory, and Effectivenesscited by 6
- 2025Learning Sheaf Laplacian Optimizing Restriction Mapscited by 6
- 2021On the Stability of Low Pass Graph Filter With a Large Number of Edge Rewirescited by 5
- 2023Representing Edge Flows on Graphs via Sparse Cell Complexescited by 5
- 2021Laplacian Constrained Precision Matrix Estimation: Existence and High Dimensional Consistencycited by 4
- 2021Graph Neural Networks with Parallel Neighborhood Aggregations for Graph Classificationcited by 4
- 2022Graph Normalized-LMP Algorithm for Signal Estimation Under Impulsive Noisecited by 4
- 2022Complex-Value Spatio-temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks and its Applications to Electric Power Systems AIcited by 4
- 2022Graph Federated Learning for CIoT Devices in Smart Home Applicationscited by 4
- 2023Graph Classification Gaussian Processes via Spectral Featurescited by 4
- 2023TabGSL: Graph Structure Learning for Tabular Data Predictioncited by 3
- 2024Frequency-aware Graph Signal Processing for Collaborative Filteringcited by 3
- 2024Spectral GNN via Two-dimensional (2-D) Graph Convolutioncited by 3
- 2024LLM Online Spatial-temporal Signal Reconstruction Under Noisecited by 3
- 2025A Few Moments Please: Scalable Graphon Learning via Moment Matchingcited by 3
- 2025DoFlow: Flow-based Generative Models for Interventional and Counterfactual Forecasting on Time Seriescited by 3
- 2026Spatiotemporal Imputation with Graph-Informed Flow Matchingcited by 3
- 2022Towards Understanding Graph Neural Networks: An Algorithm Unrolling Perspectivecited by 2
- 2023Fairness-aware Optimal Graph Filter Designcited by 2
- 2024Optimizing k in kNN Graphs with Graph Learning Perspectivecited by 2
- 2024Through the Dual-Prism: A Spectral Perspective on Graph Data Augmentation for Graph Classificationcited by 2
- 2024Network Topology Inference from Smooth Signals Under Partial Observabilitycited by 2
- 2025Heterogeneous Graph Structure Learning through the Lens of Data-generating Processescited by 2
- 2025Partition-wise Graph Filtering: A Unified Perspective Through the Lens of Graph Coarseningcited by 2
- 2021A graph representation based on fluid diffusion model for data analysis: theoretical aspects and enhanced community detectioncited by 1
- 2022Graph Convolutional Neural Networks Sensitivity under Probabilistic Error Modelcited by 1
- 2023Barron Space for Graph Convolution Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2023Improving embedding of graphs with missing data by soft manifoldscited by 1
- 2024Adaptive Least Mean Squares Graph Neural Networks and Online Graph Signal Estimationcited by 1
- 2024Bayesian Optimization of Functions over Node Subsets in Graphscited by 1
- 2024Low Rank Multi-Dictionary Selection at Scalecited by 1
- 2024Online Graph Filtering Over Expanding Graphscited by 1
- 2024Learning signals defined on graphs with optimal transport and Gaussian process regressioncited by 1
- 2024Learning Graph Filters for Structure-Function Coupling based Hub Node Identificationcited by 1
- 2024Graph Signal Adaptive Message Passingcited by 1
- 2025Leveraging Low-rank Factorizations of Conditional Correlation Matrices in Graph Learningcited by 1
50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)
- 2026What is Smoothness?3 Sep 2026
- 2026Spatiotemporal Imputation with Graph-Informed Flow Matching4 Jun 2026
- 2026NK-GAD: Neighbor Knowledge-Enhanced Unsupervised Graph Anomaly Detection17 Apr 2026
- 2026Stochastic Sequential Decision Making over Expanding Networks with Graph Filtering19 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent-IMH: Efficient Bayesian Inference for Inverse Problems with Approximate Operators28 Jan 2026
- 2025DoFlow: Flow-based Generative Models for Interventional and Counterfactual Forecasting on Time Series4 Nov 2025
- 2025Signed Graph Learning: Algorithms and Theory13 Jul 2025
- 2025Learnable quantum spectral filters for hybrid graph neural networks8 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Swarms Durability to Threats via Graph Signal Processing and GNN-based Generative Modeling3 Jul 2025
- 2025Directed Acyclic Graph Convolutional Networks13 Jun 2025
- 2025Leveraging Low-rank Factorizations of Conditional Correlation Matrices in Graph Learning12 Jun 2025
- 2025A Few Moments Please: Scalable Graphon Learning via Moment Matching4 Jun 2025
38 more
- 2025On the Stability of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks: A Probabilistic Perspective1 Jun 2025
- 2025Multi-Output Gaussian Processes for Graph-Structured Data22 May 2025
- 2025Partition-wise Graph Filtering: A Unified Perspective Through the Lens of Graph Coarsening20 May 2025
- 2025Federated Spectral Graph Transformers Meet Neural Ordinary Differential Equations for Non-IID Graphs16 Apr 2025
- 2025Heterogeneous Graph Structure Learning through the Lens of Data-generating Processes11 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning Sheaf Laplacian Optimizing Restriction Maps31 Jan 2025
- 2024LLM Online Spatial-temporal Signal Reconstruction Under Noise24 Nov 2024
- 2024A Review of Graph-Powered Data Quality Applications for IoT Monitoring Sensor Networks28 Oct 2024
- 2024Graph Signal Adaptive Message Passing23 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning Graph Filters for Structure-Function Coupling based Hub Node Identification22 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning signals defined on graphs with optimal transport and Gaussian process regression21 Oct 2024
- 2024Network Topology Inference from Smooth Signals Under Partial Observability8 Oct 2024
- 2024Redesigning graph filter-based GNNs to relax the homophily assumption13 Sep 2024
- 2024Online Graph Filtering Over Expanding Graphs11 Sep 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Benchmark on Spectral GNNs: The Impact on Efficiency, Memory, and Effectiveness14 Jun 2024
- 2024Low Rank Multi-Dictionary Selection at Scale11 Jun 2024
- 2024Bayesian Optimization of Functions over Node Subsets in Graphs24 May 2024
- 2024Adaptive Least Mean pth Power Graph Neural Networks7 May 2024
- 2024Convolutional Learning on Directed Acyclic Graphs5 May 2024
- 2024Spectral GNN via Two-dimensional (2-D) Graph Convolution6 Apr 2024
- 2024Frequency-aware Graph Signal Processing for Collaborative Filtering13 Feb 2024
- 2024Adaptive Least Mean Squares Graph Neural Networks and Online Graph Signal Estimation27 Jan 2024
- 2024Through the Dual-Prism: A Spectral Perspective on Graph Data Augmentation for Graph Classification18 Jan 2024
- 2024Optimizing k in kNN Graphs with Graph Learning Perspective16 Jan 2024
- 2023Diffusion Maps for Signal Filtering in Graph Learning22 Dec 2023
- 2023Combinatorial Complexes: Bridging the Gap Between Cell Complexes and Hypergraphs15 Dec 2023
- 2023Improving embedding of graphs with missing data by soft manifolds29 Nov 2023
- 2023Barron Space for Graph Convolution Neural Networks6 Nov 2023
- 2023Adaptive Spatio-temporal Estimation on the Graph Edges via Line Graph Transformation1 Nov 2023
- 2023Fairness-aware Optimal Graph Filter Design22 Oct 2023
- 2023Spectral Convergence of Complexon Shift Operators12 Sep 2023
- 2023Representing Edge Flows on Graphs via Sparse Cell Complexes4 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning the hub graphical Lasso model with the structured sparsity via an efficient algorithm17 Aug 2023
- 2023Graph Classification Gaussian Processes via Spectral Features6 Jun 2023
- 2023On Manipulating Signals of User-Item Graph: A Jacobi Polynomial-based Graph Collaborative Filtering6 Jun 2023
- 2023Bures-Wasserstein Means of Graphs31 May 2023
- 2023TabGSL: Graph Structure Learning for Tabular Data Prediction25 May 2023
- 2023Exact Subspace Diffusion for Decentralized Multitask Learning14 Apr 2023
50 newest of 73 All 73 (JSON)
- 2023Specformer: Spectral Graph Neural Networks Meet Transformerscited by 102
- 2021Breaking the Limit of Graph Neural Networks by Improving the Assortativity of Graphs with Local Mixing Patternscited by 95
- 2022Graph Filters for Signal Processing and Machine Learning on Graphscited by 53
- 2021How Powerful is Graph Convolution for Recommendation?cited by 50
- 2021Interpretable Stability Bounds for Spectral Graph Filterscited by 28
- 2023A Survey on Spectral Graph Neural Networkscited by 26
- 2021Graph Structural Attack by Perturbing Spectral Distancecited by 16
- 2023Combinatorial Complexes: Bridging the Gap Between Cell Complexes and Hypergraphscited by 15
- 2021Modeling Ideological Salience and Framing in Polarized Online Groups with Graph Neural Networks and Structured Sparsitycited by 9
- 2023On Manipulating Signals of User-Item Graph: A Jacobi Polynomial-based Graph Collaborative Filteringcited by 9
- 2023Fairness-Aware Graph Filter Designcited by 8
- 2024Redesigning graph filter-based GNNs to relax the homophily assumptioncited by 8
12 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026What is Smoothness?3 Sep 2026
- 2026NK-GAD: Neighbor Knowledge-Enhanced Unsupervised Graph Anomaly Detection17 Apr 2026
- 2026Stochastic Sequential Decision Making over Expanding Networks with Graph Filtering19 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent-IMH: Efficient Bayesian Inference for Inverse Problems with Approximate Operators28 Jan 2026
- 2025DoFlow: Flow-based Generative Models for Interventional and Counterfactual Forecasting on Time Series4 Nov 2025
- 2025Signed Graph Learning: Algorithms and Theory13 Jul 2025
- 2025Learnable quantum spectral filters for hybrid graph neural networks8 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Swarms Durability to Threats via Graph Signal Processing and GNN-based Generative Modeling3 Jul 2025
- 2025Directed Acyclic Graph Convolutional Networks13 Jun 2025
- 2025Leveraging Low-rank Factorizations of Conditional Correlation Matrices in Graph Learning12 Jun 2025
- 2025A Few Moments Please: Scalable Graphon Learning via Moment Matching4 Jun 2025
- 2025On the Stability of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks: A Probabilistic Perspective1 Jun 2025
12 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)