mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

First Neural Conjecturing Datasets and Experiments

arXiv 2005.14664 ↗First posted 29 May 2020cs.AI cs.LG cs.LOcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

We describe several datasets and first experiments with creating conjectures by neural methods. The datasets are based on the Mizar Mathematical Library processed in several forms and the problems extracted from it by the MPTP system and proved by the E prover using the ENIGMA guidance. The conjecturing experiments use the Transformer architecture and in particular its GPT-2 implementation.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 May 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 4; 2023: 4; 2024: 8; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2022Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learningcited by 141
  2. 2021Proof Artifact Co-training for Theorem Proving with Language Modelscited by 130
  3. 2024Formal Mathematical Reasoning: A New Frontier in AIcited by 80
  4. 2025STP: Self-play LLM Theorem Provers with Iterative Conjecturing and Provingcited by 77
  5. 2022NaturalProver: Grounded Mathematical Proof Generation with Language Modelscited by 72
  6. 2024A Survey on Deep Learning for Theorem Provingcited by 55
  7. 2023Magnushammer: A Transformer-Based Approach to Premise Selectioncited by 50
  8. 2021LIME: Learning Inductive Bias for Primitives of Mathematical Reasoningcited by 46
  9. 2024Learning Formal Mathematics From Intrinsic Motivationcited by 45
  10. 2026130k Lines of Formal Topology in Two Weeks: Simple and Cheap Autoformalization for Everyone?cited by 16
  11. 2023Alien Codingcited by 9
  12. 2024REFACTOR: Learning to Extract Theorems from Proofscited by 9
14 more
  1. 2021The General Theory of General Intelligence: A Pragmatic Patternist Perspectivecited by 8
  2. 2024Learning Guided Automated Reasoning: A Brief Surveycited by 7
  3. 2023MizAR 60 for Mizar 50cited by 6
  4. 2024Specify What? Enhancing Neural Specification Synthesis by Symbolic Methodscited by 6
  5. 2021Generating Symbolic Reasoning Problems with Transformer GANscited by 5
  6. 2022Machine Learning Meets The Herbrand Universecited by 3
  7. 2023Lemmas: Generation, Selection, Applicationcited by 3
  8. 2025Learning Conjecturing from Scratchcited by 3
  9. 2025A Llama walks into the 'Bar': Efficient Supervised Fine-Tuning for Legal Reasoning in the Multi-state Bar Examcited by 3
  10. 2021Smart Proofs via Smart Contracts: Succinct and Informative Mathematical Derivations via Decentralized Marketscited by 2
  11. 2024Learning Structure-Aware Representations of Dependent Typescited by 2
  12. 2024Application of AI to formal methods - an analysis of current trendscited by 2
  13. 2022Learning to Prove Trigonometric Identitiescited by 1
  14. 2021Conjectures, Tests and Proofs: An Overview of Theory Explorationcited by 0