mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

RadixSpline: A Single-Pass Learned Index

arXiv 2004.14541 ↗First posted 30 Apr 2020cs.DB cs.LGcited by 31

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent research has shown that learned models can outperform state-of-the-art index structures in size and lookup performance. While this is a very promising result, existing learned structures are often cumbersome to implement and are slow to build. In fact, most approaches that we are aware of require multiple training passes over the data. We introduce RadixSpline (RS), a learned index that can be built in a single pass over the data and is competitive with state-of-the-art learned index models, like RMI, in size and lookup performance. We evaluate RS using the SOSD benchmark and show that it achieves competitive results on all datasets, despite the fact that it only has two parameters.

Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 6; 2023: 5; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.

31 papers.

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  1. 2021CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithmcited by 8
  2. 2021Bounding the Last Mile: Efficient Learned String Indexingcited by 6
  3. 2023WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queriescited by 6
  4. 2023Online List Labeling with Predictionscited by 5
  5. 2021Learned Sorted Table Search and Static Indexes in Small Model Spacecited by 4
  6. 2021On the Choice of General Purpose Classifiers in Learned Bloom Filters: An Initial Analysis Within Basic Filterscited by 4
  7. 2024A Survey of Learned Indexes for the Multi-dimensional Spacecited by 4
  8. 2024Accelerating String-Key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Trainingcited by 4
  9. 2021Towards Practical Learned Indexingcited by 3
  10. 2022NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformationcited by 3
  11. 2023LeCo: Lightweight Compression via Learning Serial Correlationscited by 3
  12. 2021A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data Indexing in Dynamic Environmentscited by 2
19 more
  1. 2021Micro-architectural Analysis of a Learned Indexcited by 2
  2. 2022Standard Vs Uniform Binary Search and Their Variants in Learned Static Indexing: The Case of the Searching on Sorted Data Benchmarking Software Platformcited by 2
  3. 2025A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approachcited by 2
  4. 2021A Pluggable Learned Index Method via Sampling and Gap Insertioncited by 1
  5. 2022LSI: A Learned Secondary Index Structurecited by 1
  6. 2022Compressing (Multidimensional) Learned Bloom Filterscited by 1
  7. 2024UpLIF: An Updatable Self-Tuning Learned Index Frameworkcited by 1
  8. 2024Learned Compression of Nonlinear Time Series With Random Accesscited by 1
  9. 2025DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Treescited by 1
  10. 2026Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functionscited by 1
  11. 2022Testing the Robustness of Learned Index Structurescited by 0
  12. 2022A Critical Analysis of Classifier Selection in Learned Bloom Filterscited by 0
  13. 2023LearnedSort as a learning-augmented SampleSort: Analysis and Parallelizationcited by 0
  14. 2023From Specific to Generic Learned Sorted Set Dictionaries: A Theoretically Sound Paradigm Yelding Competitive Data Structural Boosters in Practicecited by 0
  15. 2024LearnedKV: Integrating LSM and Learned Index for Superior Performance on Storagecited by 0
  16. 2025Sig2Model: A Boosting-Driven Model for Updatable Learned Indexescited by 0
  17. 2025Optimized Learned Count-Min Sketchcited by 0
  18. 2026Lower Bounds for the Algorithmic Complexity of Learned Indexescited by 0
  19. 2026M-CTX: Exact and Scalable Spatial Context Retrieval for Trajectory Analyticscited by 0