Improving Yor`ub'a Diacritic Restoration
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Abstract (arXiv)
Yor`ub'a is a widely spoken West African language with a writing system rich in orthographic and tonal diacritics. They provide morphological information, are crucial for lexical disambiguation, pronunciation and are vital for any computational Speech or Natural Language Processing tasks. However diacritic marks are commonly excluded from electronic texts due to limited device and application support as well as general education on proper usage. We report on recent efforts at dataset cultivation. By aggregating and improving disparate texts from the web and various personal libraries, we were able to significantly grow our clean Yor`ub'a dataset from a majority Bibilical text corpora with three sources to millions of tokens from over a dozen sources. We evaluate updated diacritic restoration models on a new, general purpose, public-domain Yor`ub'a evaluation dataset of modern journalistic news text, selected to be multi-purpose and reflecting contemporary usage. All pre-trained models, datasets and source-code have been released as an open-source project to advance efforts on Yor`ub'a language technology.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 0; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
5 papers.
- 2021The Effect of Domain and Diacritics in Yor`ub'a-English Neural Machine Translationcited by 38
- 2021AI4D -- African Language Programcited by 18
- 2024YAD: Leveraging T5 for Improved Automatic Diacritization of Yor`ub'a Textcited by 4
- 2023Visually Grounded Keyword Detection and Localisation for Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
- 2025NaijaNLP: A Survey of Nigerian Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2025NaijaNLP: A Survey of Nigerian Low-Resource Languages27 Feb 2025
- 2024YAD: Leveraging T5 for Improved Automatic Diacritization of Yor`ub'a Text28 Dec 2024
- 2023Visually Grounded Keyword Detection and Localisation for Low-Resource Languages1 Feb 2023
- 2021AI4D -- African Language Program6 Apr 2021
- 2021The Effect of Domain and Diacritics in Yor`ub'a-English Neural Machine Translation15 Mar 2021