Tactic Learning and Proving for the Coq Proof Assistant
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a system that utilizes machine learning for tactic proof search in the Coq Proof Assistant. In a similar vein as the TacticToe project for HOL4, our system predicts appropriate tactics and finds proofs in the form of tactic scripts. To do this, it learns from previous tactic scripts and how they are applied to proof states. The performance of the system is evaluated on the Coq Standard Library. Currently, our predictor can identify the correct tactic to be applied to a proof state 23.4% of the time. Our proof searcher can fully automatically prove 39.3% of the lemmas. When combined with the CoqHammer system, the two systems together prove 56.7% of the library's lemmas.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 0; 2023: 0; 2024: 4; 2025: 1.
8 papers.
- 2021TacticZero: Learning to Prove Theorems from Scratch with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 37
- 2024Graph2Tac: Online Representation Learning of Formal Math Conceptscited by 15
- 2021The Role of Entropy in Guiding a Connection Provercited by 8
- 2021Online Machine Learning Techniques for Coq: A Comparisoncited by 7
- 2025RocqStar: Leveraging Similarity-driven Retrieval and Agentic Systems for Rocq generationcited by 3
- 2024Application of AI to formal methods - an analysis of current trendscited by 2
- 2024Learning Rules Explaining Interactive Theorem Proving Tactic Predictioncited by 0
- 2024Proof Recommendation System for the HOL4 Theorem Provercited by 0
- 2025RocqStar: Leveraging Similarity-driven Retrieval and Agentic Systems for Rocq generation28 May 2025
- 2024Proof Recommendation System for the HOL4 Theorem Prover31 Dec 2024
- 2024Application of AI to formal methods - an analysis of current trends22 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning Rules Explaining Interactive Theorem Proving Tactic Prediction2 Nov 2024
- 2024Graph2Tac: Online Representation Learning of Formal Math Concepts5 Jan 2024
- 2021The Role of Entropy in Guiding a Connection Prover31 May 2021
- 2021Online Machine Learning Techniques for Coq: A Comparison12 Apr 2021
- 2021TacticZero: Learning to Prove Theorems from Scratch with Deep Reinforcement Learning19 Feb 2021