mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Neural Data Server: A Large-Scale Search Engine for Transfer Learning Data

arXiv 2001.02799 ↗First posted 9 Jan 2020cs.CV cs.LGcited by 27

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Transfer learning has proven to be a successful technique to train deep learning models in the domains where little training data is available. The dominant approach is to pretrain a model on a large generic dataset such as ImageNet and finetune its weights on the target domain. However, in the new era of an ever-increasing number of massive datasets, selecting the relevant data for pretraining is a critical issue. We introduce Neural Data Server (NDS), a large-scale search engine for finding the most useful transfer learning data to the target domain. NDS consists of a dataserver which indexes several large popular image datasets, and aims to recommend data to a client, an end-user with a target application with its own small labeled dataset. The dataserver represents large datasets with a much more compact mixture-of-experts model, and employs it to perform data search in a series of dataserver-client transactions at a low computational cost. We show the effectiveness of NDS in various transfer learning scenarios, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance on several target datasets and tasks such as image classification, object detection and instance segmentation. Neural Data Server is available as a web-service at http://aidemos.cs.toronto.edu/nds/.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2020.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 7; 2023: 4; 2024: 0; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

27 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021SPoT: Better Frozen Model Adaptation through Soft Prompt Transfercited by 235
  2. 2022Divergence-aware Federated Self-Supervised Learningcited by 71
  3. 2021Factors of Influence for Transfer Learning across Diverse Appearance Domains and Task Typescited by 54
  4. 2021Transferability Estimation using Bhattacharyya Class Separabilitycited by 53
  5. 2021Scalable Diverse Model Selection for Accessible Transfer Learningcited by 40
  6. 2021Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Transformer-Based Person Re-Identificationcited by 36
  7. 2022How stable are Transferability Metrics evaluations?cited by 30
  8. 2021GAIA: A Transfer Learning System of Object Detection that Fits Your Needscited by 27
  9. 2023Too Large; Data Reduction for Vision-Language Pre-Trainingcited by 26
  10. 2021Transferability Metrics for Selecting Source Model Ensemblescited by 24
  11. 2022tf.data service: A Case for Disaggregating ML Input Data Processingcited by 15
  12. 2023Better with Less: A Data-Active Perspective on Pre-Training Graph Neural Networkscited by 14
15 more
  1. 2021Label-Free Model Evaluation with Semi-Structured Dataset Representationscited by 10
  2. 2021Ranking Models in Unlabeled New Environmentscited by 8
  3. 2023Train/Test-Time Adaptation with Retrievalcited by 7
  4. 2021Supervised Momentum Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot Classificationcited by 6
  5. 2021DIVA: Dataset Derivative of a Learning Taskcited by 4
  6. 2022Scalable Neural Data Server: A Data Recommender for Transfer Learningcited by 4
  7. 2025Unsupervised Search for Ethnic Minorities' Medical Segmentation Training Setcited by 4
  8. 2021Modular Adaptation for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learningcited by 3
  9. 2022SHiFT: An Efficient, Flexible Search Engine for Transfer Learningcited by 3
  10. 2022Outsourcing Training without Uploading Data via Efficient Collaborative Open-Source Samplingcited by 3
  11. 2023Large-scale Training Data Search for Object Re-identificationcited by 3
  12. 2021TAGLETS: A System for Automatic Semi-Supervised Learning with Auxiliary Datacited by 1
  13. 2022SEPT: Towards Scalable and Efficient Visual Pre-Trainingcited by 1
  14. 2026Bipartite Mode Matching for Vision Training Set Search from a Hierarchical Data Servercited by 1
  15. 2025How to Select Pre-Trained Code Models for Reuse? A Learning Perspectivecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025DS SERVE: A Framework for Efficient and Scalable Neural Retrieval
  2. 2022Top-Tuning: a study on transfer learning for an efficient alternative to fine tuning for image classification with fast kernel methods
  3. 2023Knowledge Transfer from Vision Foundation Models for Efficient Training of Small Task-specific Models
  4. 2026Structure Aware Neural Architecture Search for Mixture of Experts
  5. 2023Training on Thin Air: Improve Image Classification with Generated Data
  6. 2024A Decade of Deep Learning: A Survey on The Magnificent Seven
  7. 2021Search Spaces for Neural Model Training
  8. 2023Image retrieval outperforms diffusion models on data augmentation