Occlusion-Robust Online Multi-Object Visual Tracking using a GM-PHD Filter with CNN-Based Re-Identification
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a novel online multi-object visual tracker using a Gaussian mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filter and deep appearance learning. The GM-PHD filter has a linear complexity with the number of objects and observations while estimating the states and cardinality of time-varying number of objects, however, it is susceptible to miss-detections and does not include the identity of objects. We use visual-spatio-temporal information obtained from object bounding boxes and deeply learned appearance representations to perform estimates-to-tracks data association for target labeling as well as formulate an augmented likelihood and then integrate into the update step of the GM-PHD filter. We also employ additional unassigned tracks prediction after the data association step to overcome the susceptibility of the GM-PHD filter towards miss-detections caused by occlusion. Extensive evaluations on MOT16, MOT17 and HiEve benchmark datasets show that our tracker significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art trackers in terms of tracking accuracy and identification.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 5; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
12 papers.
- 2022Simple Cues Lead to a Strong Multi-Object Trackercited by 44
- 2022Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation via Neural Message Passingcited by 9
- 2021Local Metrics for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 8
- 2021Online and Real-Time Tracking in a Surveillance Scenariocited by 8
- 2022Recent Advances in Embedding Methods for Multi-Object Tracking: A Surveycited by 8
- 2021Hand-Based Person Identification using Global and Part-Aware Deep Feature Representation Learningcited by 4
- 2022Local-Aware Global Attention Network for Person Re-Identification Based on Body and Hand Imagescited by 3
- 2023BASE: Probably a Better Approach to Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2024Ego-Motion Aware Target Prediction Module for Robust Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2025FusionSORT: Fusion Methods for Online Multi-object Visual Trackingcited by 1
- 2022STURE: Spatial-Temporal Mutual Representation Learning for Robust Data Association in Online Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
- 2025Model-based Multi-object Visual Tracking: Identification and Standard Model Limitationscited by 0
- 2025Model-based Multi-object Visual Tracking: Identification and Standard Model Limitations19 Aug 2025
- 2025FusionSORT: Fusion Methods for Online Multi-object Visual Tracking1 Jan 2025
- 2024Ego-Motion Aware Target Prediction Module for Robust Multi-Object Tracking3 Apr 2024
- 2023BASE: Probably a Better Approach to Multi-Object Tracking21 Sep 2023
- 2022Local-Aware Global Attention Network for Person Re-Identification Based on Body and Hand Images11 Sep 2022
- 2022Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation via Neural Message Passing15 Jul 2022
- 2022Simple Cues Lead to a Strong Multi-Object Tracker9 Jun 2022
- 2022Recent Advances in Embedding Methods for Multi-Object Tracking: A Survey22 May 2022
- 2022STURE: Spatial-Temporal Mutual Representation Learning for Robust Data Association in Online Multi-Object Tracking18 Jan 2022
- 2021Online and Real-Time Tracking in a Surveillance Scenario2 Jun 2021
- 2021Local Metrics for Multi-Object Tracking6 Apr 2021
- 2021Hand-Based Person Identification using Global and Part-Aware Deep Feature Representation Learning13 Jan 2021